JAMA Neurol:长时间航天后脑损伤退变血液生物标志物的变化

2021-11-05 Naomii MedSci原创

血液生物标记物的变化表明,脑损伤是人类在长时间航天飞行中以前未知的风险。

      长时间航天对人体生理有广泛的影响。在过去的十年中,研究首先发现了眼球的改变,然后神经成像研究暗示了对大脑的潜在有害影响。脑脊液空间的扩张是以灰质和白质间隔为代价的。目前从未有对长期暴露于微重力环境后的脑组织的进行神经生物学完整性评估。近日,研究人员研究了代表脑实质的血液生物标志物在长时间航天飞行中的纵向过程。

      2016年-2020年,宇航员在国际空间站执行任务前后(平均持续时间为169天)采集了血液样本。基线数据采集发生在发射前20天。飞行后取样时间分别为着陆后1天、1周和21至25天。对神经丝轻链、胶质纤维酸性蛋白、总tau和两种淀粉样蛋白(A-β,A-β)(A-β40和A-β42)进行单分子阵列免疫分析(SIMOA),并以血红蛋白作为对照蛋白(E Methods In The Supplement)。没有收集关于种族和民族的数据。该议定书由莫斯科生物医学问题研究所的俄罗斯伦理委员会(生物医学伦理委员会)、欧空局医学委员会以及俄罗斯航天局进行了评估。位于德国慕尼黑的慕尼黑路德维希-马克西米利安大学(Ludwig-Maximilians University)当地伦理委员会也批准了该议定书。所有个人均给予书面知情同意。

      使用SPSS统计软件版本26(IBM)对数据集进行统计评估。用配对的Wilcoxon符号秩检验对重复测量的基线值进行非参数检验。此外,还进行了生物标志物之间的Spearman-Rho相关性分析以及与任务时间(距飞行前基线天数)的相关性分析。所有的测试都是双面的。P<0.05的值被认为具有统计学意义。

  •  研究包括5名男性宇航员(平均年龄49.2[2.7]岁)。
  • 与飞行后直接、返回地球后1周和3周的飞行前水平相比,NFL显著升高(表)。
  • 在这个队列中,使用相同的统计方法,血红蛋白作为基于血液的分析的系统控制蛋白的纵向过程在相同的时间过程中没有表现出任何显著的变化,甚至没有表现出任何趋势。
  • 对于每个点,血红蛋白的平均(SEM)值(g/dL;换算为克/升,乘以10)如下:飞行后:15.7(0.6);着陆后1天:14.2(0.5);着陆后1周:15.5(1.2);着陆后21至25天:14.1(0.5)。GFAP在飞行后第一周及以后均有增加(飞行前平均169[43]pg/mL vs着陆后1周,215[31]pg/mL;P<0.08,vs着陆后21至25天,205[34]pg/mL;P<0.08)。
  • 总tau在第一周的整个过程中没有显著升高,然后在返回3周后显著低于基线(飞行前平均[SEM],0.46[0.06]pg/mL对返回21-25天,0.22[0.06]pg/mL;P<0.04)。
  • Aβ40在整个随访期内显著升高(飞行前平均101[17]pg/mL vs着陆后1天,156[16]pg/mL;P<0.04;着陆后1周,183[18]pg/mL;P<0.04;和着陆21至25天,167[20]pg/mL;P<0.04),而Aβ42水平也有相似但不明显的增加(飞行前平均5.63[0.7]pg/mL vs。与着陆后1周比较,9.63[1.4]pg/mL;P<0.04;与着陆后21~25天,比较,8.60[1.4]pg/mL;P<0.05。0 8)(图)。
  • 相关分析表明,在不同的参与者和时间中,NFL、GFAP和Aβ40水平之间存在显著的相关性。
  • 胶质纤维酸性蛋白与神经功能缺损程度呈正相关(r=0.423,P=0.04)。
  • 胶质纤维酸性蛋白与Aβ40呈正相关(r=0.499,P=0.03),与Aβ40呈正相关(r=0.451,P=0.046)。
  • Aβ40与Aβ42呈正相关(r=0。8 85,P<0.0 0 1)。
  • 每种淀粉样蛋白与任务开始的天数也显著相关(Aβ40:r=0.697,P<0.001;Aβ42:r=0.672,P<0.001)。

      NFL和GFAP的增加表明在长时间飞行后的飞行过程中,轴突解体过程(NFL)和星形胶质细胞激活(GFAP)。两个Aβ蛋白在整个飞行后阶段的增加潜在地描述了头颅液体移动与间质组织的累积关联。研究推测,在白蛋白被证明保持稳定甚至下降的几个月后,淀粉样蛋白在地球上的升高代表着洗涤阶段。研究中参数的有效半衰期(GFAP,24-48小时;NFL,1-3周;Aβ40,2-4小时)表明,持续的半衰期是持续的。神经原纤维酸性蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白和Aβ40之间的3向关联说明了脑组织反应的广泛性。研究观察到的血液生物标记物的变化表明,脑损伤是人类在长时间航天飞行中以前未知的风险。需要在更大的样本中进行进一步的纵向研究,以确定长时间太空飞行与神经健康之间的联系。

文献来源:https://jamanetwork-com.washington.80599.net/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2784623

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