下丘脑炎症与肥胖及恶液质有关

2013-07-30 复旦大学附属金山医院内分泌科 张进安 cmt

早就认识到肥胖与炎症的关系,但是直到2005年才发现下丘脑炎症的证据。之后,大量的研究显示通过促进或减低下丘脑的炎症程度可以引起动物代谢表型的改变。 下丘脑和食欲、能量平衡及新陈代谢密切相关。下丘脑炎症不仅与肥胖有关,也是推动恶液质形成的关键因素。这似乎是矛盾的,那些不想变胖者的体重增加及慢性病所致的体重下降都是因为下丘脑炎症这个根本原因造成的。恶液质的病人存在严重的胰岛素抵抗,胰岛素抵抗和血糖

早就认识到肥胖与炎症的关系,但是直到2005年才发现下丘脑炎症的证据。之后,大量的研究显示通过促进或减低下丘脑的炎症程度可以引起动物代谢表型的改变。

下丘脑和食欲、能量平衡及新陈代谢密切相关。下丘脑炎症不仅与肥胖有关,也是推动恶液质形成的关键因素。这似乎是矛盾的,那些不想变胖者的体重增加及慢性病所致的体重下降都是因为下丘脑炎症这个根本原因造成的。恶液质的病人存在严重的胰岛素抵抗,胰岛素抵抗和血糖管理在危重疾病中已经成为影响预后的关键因素。传统认为重症病人的高血糖是因为应激反应或皮质醇水平升高所致。现在发现重症患者的血糖由大脑调节,这个全新的认识将打开大量新药开发的大门。

高脂饮食诱导的下丘脑炎症可能反映了小胶质细胞的激活,这与巨噬细胞在其他组织介导炎症反应相似。这种激活被称为反应性胶质化,是大脑损伤的标志,在啮齿类动物的下丘脑中发生于高脂喂养后的数天。高脂饮食喂养的动物下丘脑的改变提示肥胖可能导致大脑的损害。事实上,随着高脂饮食的持续,在下丘脑负责食欲调节的细胞消失了。引人注目的是肥胖者的下丘脑磁共振扫描显示神经胶质增生的证据,因此脑损伤可能是肥胖的一个重要因素。功能性磁共振扫描显示胖人神经元活性水平非常低,减肥术后八个月神经元的活性有所提高。至少从动物研究来炎症是肥胖治疗的一个好靶子。已经发现即使每天半小时的中等强度的步行也足以降低下丘脑炎症,即使体重并没有改变。

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    2013-08-01 xlwang2696
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    2013-08-01 xlwang2696

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