JACC:TAVR术后血管并发症导致死亡率飙升

2012-08-13 不详 网络

    哥伦比亚大学医学中心/纽约长老医院的Philippe Généreux博士及其同事在最新一期《美国心脏病学会杂志》上报告称,PARTNER试验事后分析表明,应用第一代器械的经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)术后大血管并发症与30天死亡率增加5倍相关,还与较高的1年全因死亡率和心因死亡率有关(2012 August [doi: 10.1016/j.jacc

    哥伦比亚大学医学中心/纽约长老医院的Philippe Généreux博士及其同事在最新一期《美国心脏病学会杂志》上报告称,PARTNER试验事后分析表明,应用第一代器械的经股动脉经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)术后大血管并发症与30天死亡率增加5倍相关,还与较高的1年全因死亡率和心因死亡率有关(2012 August [doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.07.003])。


Philippe Généreux博士

    研究者收集并分析了PARTNER(主动脉导管瓣膜置换) 试验队列A(J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2012;60:548-58) 和队列 B(N. Engl. J. Med. 2010;363:1597-607)中接受经股动脉TAVR治疗的患者资料(队列A 242例,队列B 177例)。患者应用第一代Edwards Sapien人工瓣膜和22-F 或 24-F动脉血管鞘。
    结果显示,术后30天大、小血管并发症分别约为15%(64例)和12%(50例),最常见大血管并发症为血管撕裂(63%)、血管穿孔(31%)、穿刺部位血肿(23%)和腹膜后出血(10%)。经股动脉TAVR术后大血管并发症患者与未发生者相比,30天死亡率 (14% vs. 3%)和1年死亡率(39% vs. 23%)均显着增加。大血管并发症还与30d输血率(41% vs. 5%)、大出血率(61% vs. 7%)以及需要透析的肾衰发生率(8% vs. 2%)显着增加相关。但低风险人群大血管并发症发生率及其影响似乎有所下降。此外,队列B患者大、小血管并发症发生率高于队列A (32.8% vs. 23.2%)。研究者认为,导致上述差异的部分原因是队列B患者病情相对严重,并且与队列A患者不同的是,队列B患者没有其他可选入路。
    分析还显示,大血管并发症患者体表面积较小、血管直径较小、鞘管/股动脉以及鞘/管髂外动脉之比较大,而且多见于基线时接受胰岛素治疗的糖尿病患者以及女性。根据该项分析,即使校正鞘管/股动脉之比后,女性仍是TAVR术后大血管并发症唯一的独立预测因素。但女性与术后1年全因死亡率较低相关,因此,性别对短期和长期结局的影响比较复杂,尚需更加全面的分析研究。
    Généreux博士指出,TAVR 是一项极好的技术,但选择患者必须慎重,在刚刚开展这项技术时尤其如此。此外,上述结果也凸显了拥有一支训练有素的心脏病治疗团队的重要性。
    最近研究显示,2009~2010年大血管并发症发生率由8%下降至1%,小血管并发症由24%下降至8%(J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2012;59:113-8)。作者认为,这可能与采用较小血管鞘管、严格血管造影术和CT筛查及患者选择,以及经皮血管修复技术在此期间得到越来越多的应用有关。Généreux博士指出,随着新一代器械和更小的输送系统在美国上市,以及心脏病医生TAVR经验增加,并发症发生率将会有所降低。如果几年后再进行类似分析,他期望血管并发症发生率降至1%~5%。
    Généreux博士担任Edwards生命科技公司代言人和顾问,多位作者接受Edwards及其他医疗器械公司的咨询费、交通补助和(或)基金支持。

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    2013-01-22 hbwxf
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    2013-04-12 丁鹏鹏
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