ISRD & ATS 2016:白春学教授谈亚太和中国肺结节诊治指南解读与执行策略

2016-10-19 MedSci MedSci原创

 上海市呼吸病研究所所长 复旦大学呼吸病研究所所长 中华医学会呼吸分会肺癌学组组长 中国肺癌防治联盟主席 亚太肺结节诊治指南制定委员会主席 白春学教授  白春学教授介绍说,所有新发肺结节在确诊之前都称之为未定性结节。对于未定性结节的处理,白春学教授提出了以下三点建议:建议1:胸部X线发现的孤立性未定性肺结节,需回顾分析既往影像学检查建议2:已稳定至少2年的未定性肺结节

2016 年10月14日~16日,由中国健康促进基金会、上海市呼吸病研究所、国际呼吸学会等主办,美国胸科协会(ATS)和复旦大学呼吸病研究所等协办,上海梅斯医学承办的“第十二届上海国际呼吸学会暨ATS联合论坛”(ISRD & ATS 2016)在上海展览中心隆重举行。14日上午,上海市呼吸病研究所所长,复旦大学呼吸病研究所所长,中华医学会呼吸分会肺癌学组组长,中国肺癌防治联盟主席,亚太肺结节诊治指南制定委员会主席白春学教授作了题为“亚太和中国肺结节诊治指南解读与执行策略”的精彩演讲。梅斯小编对白春学教授的精彩演讲进行了整理,与大家分享。



上海市呼吸病研究所所长,复旦大学呼吸病研究所所长,中华医学会呼吸分会肺癌学组组长,中国肺癌防治联盟主席,亚太肺结节诊治指南制定委员会主席   白春学教授

白春学教授介绍说,原发性支气管肺癌(简称肺癌)是世界上发病率及死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,每年死亡人数达140万,占所有恶性肿瘤死亡人数的18%。预计中国到2025年每年新发肺癌患者将超过100万,目前月75%的肺癌患者在诊断时已属晚期,5年生存率仅约为15.6%。这一现状不但与缺乏筛查有关更与缺乏科学鉴别肺结节的有效方法有关。因此,要提高肺癌患者的长期生存率,需要切实做好端口前移、重心下沉,从肺结节诊治做起,并且广泛推广才能发挥事半功倍的效果。所有新发肺结节在确诊之前都称之为未定性结节。对于未定性结节的处理,白春学教授提出了以下三点建议:

建议1:胸部X线发现的孤立性未定性肺结节,需回顾分析既往影像学检查
建议2:已稳定至少2年的未定性肺结节,是否需对其中高危者进行年度CT检查,要按个体化考虑。
建议3:胸部X线发现的孤立性未定性肺结节,需进行低剂量胸部CT(建议病灶薄层扫描)检查来明确其特征并评估恶性概率。
 
恶性肿瘤的预测模型

在目前的梅奥法预测模型中,独立的预测恶性肿瘤的因子主要有6种,包括:①年龄(OR值为1.04/年);②目前或过去吸烟史(OR值为2.2);③结节发现时至少5年前有胸腔外恶性肿瘤史(OR值为3.8);④结节直径(OR值为1.14/mm);⑤毛刺征(OR值为2.8);⑥位于上叶(OR值为2.2)。预测模型为:
 
恶性概率=eX/(1+eX)  

X=-6.8272+(0.0391×年龄)+(0.7917×吸烟史)+(1.3388×癌症史)+(0.1274×直径)+(1.0407×毛刺征)+(0.7838×位置)   

其中,e为自然对数,“年龄”为患者的年龄(岁),如果患者目前或者以前吸烟,则“吸烟史”=1(否则=0);如果患者至少5年之前有胸腔外恶性肿瘤史,则“恶性肿瘤”=1(否则=0);“直径”为结节直径(mm),如果结节边缘有毛刺,则“毛刺征”=1(否则=0);如果结节位于上叶,则“位置”=1(否则=0)。值得注意的是,对于判断恶性肿瘤的准确性,尽管模型预测结果和临床医师判断结果相近,但两者之间相关性较差,故建议依据目标人群的特点、易用性以及验证的程度来选择模型。
 
然后,白教授介绍了肺结节的评估方法

1.临床信息:
采取诊断和鉴别诊断相关信息,如年龄、职业、吸烟史、个人和家族肿瘤史、治疗经过及结果。上述信息可为诊断提供重要参考意见,提高肺结节的鉴别诊断率。
 
2.影像学方法:
通过胸片发现的单个不确定结节者,建议应进行胸部CT检查,以便更好的描述结节(1C级)鉴别诊断。胸部CT可提高肺结节鉴别诊断率,建议根据物联网医学技术所需鉴别诊断需要,设定CT检查参数和扫描范围:
(1)扫描参数:总辐射暴露剂量≤5mSv;kVp为120;mAs≤60;机架旋转速度≤0.5;探测器准直径≤1.5mm;扫描层厚1mm;扫描间距≤层厚(3D或CAD辅助应用时需有50%重叠)。
(2)扫描范围:从肺尖到肋膈角(包括全部肺),扫描采样时间≤10s,呼吸时相为深吸气末,CT扫描探测器≥16排,不需要造影剂。  
(3)肿瘤标志物:
Pro-GRP:胃泌素释放肽前体,可作为小细胞肺癌的诊断和鉴别诊断的首选标志物;
神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE):用于小细胞肺癌的诊断和治疗反应监测;
癌胚抗原(CEA):目前血清中CEA的检查主要用于判断肺癌预后以及对治疗过程的监测;
细胞角蛋白片段19(CYFRA21-1):对肺鳞癌诊断的敏感性、特异性有一定参考意义;
麟状细胞癌抗原(SCC):对肺鳞状细胞癌疗效监测和预后判断有一定价值;
随访阶段若发现标志物进行性增高,有参考意义。
  
随后,白教授对不同类型的肺结节的处理方法进行了解读:
 
(1)对于直径8~30mm的实性结节的处理(见下图)
(点击图片可查看大图)  

(2)对于直径<8mm的孤立性、实性结节处理(见下图)

 (点击图片可查看大图)  


随后,白教授针对不同类型结节做出了处理建议

(1)对于孤立性非实性(纯磨玻璃)结节处理建议:
建议1:直径≤5mm的非实性结节,根据临床和患者意愿进行年度CT随访。
建议2:直径>5mm非实性结节,每年CT随访评估至少持续3年,此后是否进行年度CT随访,需根据临床和患者意愿决定。
 
(2)对于孤立性部分实性(混合)结节的处理建议:
建议1:直径≤8mm的孤立性部分实性结节,建议3、12和24个月行LDCT随访,无变化者根据临床和患者意愿行LDCT年度随访,有症状或有细菌感染征象的患者,考虑经验性抗菌治疗。
建议2:直径>8mm的孤立性部分实性结节,3个月重复CT,适当考虑经验性抗菌治疗;若结节持续存在,采用非手术活检和/或手术切除进一步评估,另选择PET扫描进行术前疾病分期。
 
白教授还阐述了今后介入肺脏病学和未来的发展方向
白教授说,诊断和管理肺结节的方法会与时俱进,可用方法大致分为影像学、细胞学、传统的或改良的支气管镜技术、手术或非手术(如支气管镜引导下)活检等。对于肺结节来说,每种诊断方法都有各自不同的益处、风险和诊断率,如有条件,建议结合多种诊断方法,以提高诊断率和尽可能减少风险。
 
白教授最后总结道:肺癌的风险计算公式有限制,应考虑到亚洲肉芽肿性疾病高发,以及其它感染性因素引起的肺结节。肺结节的随访应考虑长期监测,更多使用非手术活检,较少依赖PET扫描。鼓励亚洲医生使用细节的专家共识指南,以形成对肺结节评估的一致性和可重复性。

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    2017-02-12 skhzy
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1687550, encodeId=0aae168e5501f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0ea224245e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#亚太#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24245, encryptionId=0ea224245e4, topicName=亚太)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6ef428388125, createdName=ms2536978994064944, createdTime=Sun Oct 30 01:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1669251, encodeId=0c321669251fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b9a21009271' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ISRD#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10092, encryptionId=b9a21009271, topicName=ISRD)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ecdd26540939, createdName=skhzy, createdTime=Sun Feb 12 18:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068215, encodeId=f6d5206821596, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e94b298327' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ATS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2983, encryptionId=e94b298327, topicName=ATS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7532500500, createdName=12499e01m47暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jul 16 02:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1635648, encodeId=f14f16356482a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e9c0e1688f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#白春学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71688, encryptionId=e9c0e1688f9, topicName=白春学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=618122505951, createdName=陆成振, createdTime=Wed Nov 09 05:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155834, encodeId=4070155834a9, content=牛人, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=418d1603809, createdName=jiuling, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 08:48:44 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1551761, encodeId=6cc91551e61f6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=305156401eb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指南解读#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56401, encryptionId=305156401eb, topicName=指南解读)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eb0214221999, createdName=shuangle, createdTime=Fri Oct 21 09:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1604735, encodeId=e8d91604e3595, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c279166488' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诊治指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91664, encryptionId=9c279166488, topicName=诊治指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0d4719270101, createdName=ms9651749636653578, createdTime=Fri Oct 21 09:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149816, encodeId=57821498160d, content=这个不错哦!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160923/IMG57E54D670B3C08868.jpg, createdBy=e90b1956497, createdName=Carlos007, createdTime=Thu Oct 20 00:15:57 CST 2016, time=2016-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1687550, encodeId=0aae168e5501f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0ea224245e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#亚太#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24245, encryptionId=0ea224245e4, topicName=亚太)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6ef428388125, createdName=ms2536978994064944, createdTime=Sun Oct 30 01:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1669251, encodeId=0c321669251fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b9a21009271' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ISRD#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10092, encryptionId=b9a21009271, topicName=ISRD)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ecdd26540939, createdName=skhzy, createdTime=Sun Feb 12 18:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068215, encodeId=f6d5206821596, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e94b298327' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ATS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2983, encryptionId=e94b298327, topicName=ATS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7532500500, createdName=12499e01m47暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jul 16 02:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1635648, encodeId=f14f16356482a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e9c0e1688f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#白春学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71688, encryptionId=e9c0e1688f9, topicName=白春学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=618122505951, createdName=陆成振, createdTime=Wed Nov 09 05:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155834, encodeId=4070155834a9, content=牛人, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=418d1603809, createdName=jiuling, createdTime=Tue Nov 15 08:48:44 CST 2016, time=2016-11-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1551761, encodeId=6cc91551e61f6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=305156401eb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指南解读#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56401, encryptionId=305156401eb, topicName=指南解读)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eb0214221999, createdName=shuangle, createdTime=Fri Oct 21 09:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1604735, encodeId=e8d91604e3595, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c279166488' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诊治指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91664, encryptionId=9c279166488, topicName=诊治指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0d4719270101, createdName=ms9651749636653578, createdTime=Fri Oct 21 09:28:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149816, encodeId=57821498160d, content=这个不错哦!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160923/IMG57E54D670B3C08868.jpg, createdBy=e90b1956497, createdName=Carlos007, createdTime=Thu Oct 20 00:15:57 CST 2016, time=2016-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-15 jiuling

    牛人

    0

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    2016-10-20 Carlos007

    这个不错哦!

    0

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