JACC:PCI术后存在时间依赖的内皮或非内皮依赖的舒缩功能紊乱

2012-09-07 丁香园 丁香园

    由于动脉粥样硬化导致的血管壁完整性的破坏通常伴有血管调节功能的损害、局部血栓形成和炎症,以及血管壁的重塑如动脉瘤或适应性/狭窄性重塑。尽管可以通过经皮冠状动脉介入术解除血管阻塞,但内皮功能紊乱和动脉中层/外膜受到机械压力的作用,会在血管内形成血栓最终导致临床预后不良。药物涂层支架植入后的内皮再生延迟与晚期支架内血栓形成相关,但矛盾的是,药物涂层支架植入术后内皮

    由于动脉粥样硬化导致的血管壁完整性的破坏通常伴有血管调节功能的损害、局部血栓形成和炎症,以及血管壁的重塑如动脉瘤或适应性/狭窄性重塑。尽管可以通过经皮冠状动脉介入术解除血管阻塞,但内皮功能紊乱和动脉中层/外膜受到机械压力的作用,会在血管内形成血栓最终导致临床预后不良。药物涂层支架植入后的内皮再生延迟与晚期支架内血栓形成相关,但矛盾的是,药物涂层支架植入术后内皮细胞增生减少但支架内再狭窄发生率却较低。

    近期的体外和体内试验中显示第一代药物涂层支架植入后,出现持续的内皮功能紊乱和对硝酸酯类药物耐药。于此相反的是最新一代的药物涂层支架植入后,内皮依赖的血管舒缩功能相对得到保持,长期临床预后较好。由于临床上观察到的这些现象,研究者设计了这个体外动物实验,旨在明确冠状动脉介入术后(PCI)使用药物涂层球囊(DEB)或裸球囊、裸金属支架和药物涂层支架,是否存在内皮依赖/非内皮依赖性血管反应,以及其与时间的依赖关系。

    研究在家猪冠状动脉内行PCI术,使用药物涂层球囊或裸球囊,植入裸金属支架或药物涂层支架。在术后5小时,24小时,1周,和1月采集球囊扩张段、支架远/近端段、对照冠状动脉段。通过体外实验评估内皮素诱导的血管收缩、内皮依赖和非依赖的血管舒张功能,并将其同组织学结果结合。

    研究结果显示,金属裸支架和药物涂层支架处理后的血管,术后5小时,相关动脉血管显示收缩倾向。术后早期,内皮依赖性血管舒张功能严重受损且恢复缓慢,分别为使用药物涂层球囊9.8±3.7%,裸球囊 13.4±9.2%,金属裸支架 5.7±5.3%,和药物涂层支架 7.6±4.7% ,而对照组为49.6±9.5% ,p值<0.05。相比使用裸球囊、药物涂层球囊和金属裸支架,使用药物涂层支架的血管,其内皮依赖的血管舒张功能在术后1个月时增强,提示新生内膜的内皮源性一氧化氮合成增加。而非内皮依赖性(血管平滑肌相关的)的血管舒张功能在术后一天是明显下降,在随访期内逐渐恢复至正常水平。所有经PCI术处理的血管均显示血管收缩与血管舒张之间的平衡紊乱,在使用药物涂层支架和金属裸支架处理后的血管更为明显。组织学参数和血管舒缩功能之间未显示相关性,提示PCI术在新生内膜和平滑肌修复之间存在复杂的整合机制。

    研究者就此得出结论,使用裸球囊、药物涂层球囊、金属裸支架和药物涂层支架处理的冠状动脉显示出时间依赖的内皮/非内皮依赖性舒缩功能紊乱,伴有舒张、收缩能力失衡。这可能可以为解释PCI术后血管舒缩功能的改变,提供研究的方向。

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    2013-04-30 zxl736
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    2012-12-04 hbwxf
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