APTT为什么会延长?如何处理?

2018-05-07 朱名超 王俊 检验医学网

APTT:活化部分凝血活酶时间,是内源性凝血途径筛查试验。

作者:湖北省天门市第一人民医院检验科  朱名超  王俊

APTT:活化部分凝血活酶时间,是内源性凝血途径筛查试验。

临床应用

●用于筛选诊断先天性内源性因子(VIII、XI、IX、XII)的缺乏
●肝素治疗的监测
诊断肝功能受损情况
●检测狼疮抗凝物
●凝血因子(VIII、IX、XI、XII)活性测定

由于APTT较多的临床应用价值而被广泛应用。然而,真正弄清其延长缩短机制的,却着实不多,今天小编就和大家共同探讨一下APTT延长之谜,以便共同学习。

那我们先来复习一下,凝血系统瀑布学说:



由图可知,如果VIII、IX、XI、XII任何一个因子缺乏,都可能会导致APTT延长。那么我今天要讲的这个案例就是仅APTT延长,其他凝血实验均正常的患者。

患者,女,31岁,因“月经不规则出血4月余,B超示,盆腔包块”入院。入院后诊断为“异常子宫出血”“左侧卵巢囊肿”,首次凝血功能检查如下:



第二天复查结果如下:



病人APTT单独延长,我们只能从导致APTT延长的因素入手,逐一排查,那么首先我们来看看APTT延长常见于哪些情况:

① 标本采集不当(如标本量不足、输液侧抽血、留置管采血或者标本污染等);
② 内源性凝血因子的缺乏或活性减低;
③ 原发性、继发性纤维蛋白溶解功能亢进;
④ 血液循环中有抗凝物质的存在;
⑤ 狼疮抗凝物或因子抑制物等。

首先,我们立即查看血样,确认标本没有凝集、溶血、脂浊等情况,复测检验结果一致,于是立即电话与临床沟通,临床答复,病人未用任何凝药物,标本采集无误,病人以往也无出血病史。排出标本因素,为验证患者APTT是超出检测限,不是缩短,我们又用手工法复核一遍,结果仍然一致,APTT在200S左右。

还有最后一关那就是做纠正实验了,于是立即按照APTT纠正试验方法进行纠正:将正常混合血浆(20份结果正常的标本)与待测标本血浆1:1混合,即刻和37℃水浴1小时,分别测定APTT,观察混合血浆的检测结果是否被纠正到APTT正常对照值附近,然后按照Rosner指数进行判断。

即可纠正: 

A:患者血浆与正常混合血浆1:1混合后立即测定APTT;
B:正常混合血浆APTT;         
C:患者血浆APTT。
Rosner指数(RI)=(A-B)×100/C
结果判断:RI>15.0:未纠正,提示存在凝血抑制物(如肝素、狼疮抗凝物、部分凝血因子抗体);
RI<11.0:纠正,提示内源凝血因子缺乏。

1h温育试验:

①患者血浆与正常混合血浆1:1混合后温育1小时,测定APTT;
②患者血浆与正常混合血浆分别温育1小时,再立刻1:1混合后测定APTT;
上述①APTT结果减去②如果>3秒:提示存在时间依赖性凝血抑制物(如VIII因子抑制物)。

经过即刻纠正与温育实验患者APTT被纠正,Rosner指数(RI)=(29.1-27.1)×100/171.0=1.2  <15.0,患者血浆被纠正。提示存在因子缺乏,于是立即电话通知临床医生,患者可能为因子缺乏,建议做因子活性检测。由于我院没有开展因子检测试验,只能外送。经追踪患者外送结果显示VIII活性降低,诊断为血友病甲。

本案例是一次通过检验与临床的交流沟通、密切配合之后,成功明确诊断的案例。当我们遇到APTT单独延长的患者,排除其他因素后,应加做APTT纠正试验,可以帮助临床医生正确判断,虽不能确诊,但可以排除是因子缺乏还是存在凝血抑制物,进而避免漏诊血友病。因此,凝血无小事,检验需谨慎!

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1720598, encodeId=23ea1e20598ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c3142e0093' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#APTT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2700, encryptionId=c3142e0093, topicName=APTT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6c3f32877268, createdName=respect, createdTime=Sat Mar 30 10:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315780, encodeId=c91a315e80df, content=真能确定这是个血友病甲吗?毕竟女性血友病甲是极为罕见的.应该排除下是否因为VWF缺乏而引起的继发VIII因子缺乏., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/IK51ib2JCIrIk0SLDUX4zPc5JFvRbIb2eiaSlnmSR72LPs5mKnymP78byEL8mucAd5EBx0ITS03fbQ7sUksxGQmpDqy2ANlnrF/0, createdBy=1f68104876, createdName=yinge, createdTime=Wed May 16 23:53:50 CST 2018, time=2018-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313314, encodeId=12a231331400, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/18/9fba4e8a3782366829a5645367fdb658.jpg, createdBy=b5732293938, createdName=青山颖钰, createdTime=Wed May 09 00:41:29 CST 2018, time=2018-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313129, encodeId=bf08313129ce, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Tue May 08 08:12:49 CST 2018, time=2018-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313122, encodeId=bdb63131221f, content=学习啦.很好的临床应用范例!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210720/81c525def1c4490db2c4d4fd31f4b910/367559b074d146aeab71188669c2396a.jpg, createdBy=3ec21628724, createdName=zybear, createdTime=Tue May 08 07:56:27 CST 2018, time=2018-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=312918, encodeId=184a31291882, content=学习学习.复习复习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Mon May 07 19:25:10 CST 2018, time=2018-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=312889, encodeId=4b54312889fa, content=好文章.学习了., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon May 07 17:15:34 CST 2018, time=2018-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-03-30 respect
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1720598, encodeId=23ea1e20598ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c3142e0093' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#APTT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2700, encryptionId=c3142e0093, topicName=APTT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6c3f32877268, createdName=respect, createdTime=Sat Mar 30 10:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315780, encodeId=c91a315e80df, content=真能确定这是个血友病甲吗?毕竟女性血友病甲是极为罕见的.应该排除下是否因为VWF缺乏而引起的继发VIII因子缺乏., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/IK51ib2JCIrIk0SLDUX4zPc5JFvRbIb2eiaSlnmSR72LPs5mKnymP78byEL8mucAd5EBx0ITS03fbQ7sUksxGQmpDqy2ANlnrF/0, createdBy=1f68104876, createdName=yinge, createdTime=Wed May 16 23:53:50 CST 2018, time=2018-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313314, encodeId=12a231331400, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/18/9fba4e8a3782366829a5645367fdb658.jpg, createdBy=b5732293938, createdName=青山颖钰, createdTime=Wed May 09 00:41:29 CST 2018, time=2018-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313129, encodeId=bf08313129ce, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Tue May 08 08:12:49 CST 2018, time=2018-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313122, encodeId=bdb63131221f, content=学习啦.很好的临床应用范例!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210720/81c525def1c4490db2c4d4fd31f4b910/367559b074d146aeab71188669c2396a.jpg, createdBy=3ec21628724, createdName=zybear, createdTime=Tue May 08 07:56:27 CST 2018, time=2018-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=312918, encodeId=184a31291882, content=学习学习.复习复习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Mon May 07 19:25:10 CST 2018, time=2018-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=312889, encodeId=4b54312889fa, content=好文章.学习了., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon May 07 17:15:34 CST 2018, time=2018-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-16 yinge

    真能确定这是个血友病甲吗?毕竟女性血友病甲是极为罕见的.应该排除下是否因为VWF缺乏而引起的继发VIII因子缺乏.

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1720598, encodeId=23ea1e20598ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c3142e0093' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#APTT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2700, encryptionId=c3142e0093, topicName=APTT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6c3f32877268, createdName=respect, createdTime=Sat Mar 30 10:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315780, encodeId=c91a315e80df, content=真能确定这是个血友病甲吗?毕竟女性血友病甲是极为罕见的.应该排除下是否因为VWF缺乏而引起的继发VIII因子缺乏., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/IK51ib2JCIrIk0SLDUX4zPc5JFvRbIb2eiaSlnmSR72LPs5mKnymP78byEL8mucAd5EBx0ITS03fbQ7sUksxGQmpDqy2ANlnrF/0, createdBy=1f68104876, createdName=yinge, createdTime=Wed May 16 23:53:50 CST 2018, time=2018-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313314, encodeId=12a231331400, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/18/9fba4e8a3782366829a5645367fdb658.jpg, createdBy=b5732293938, createdName=青山颖钰, createdTime=Wed May 09 00:41:29 CST 2018, time=2018-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313129, encodeId=bf08313129ce, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Tue May 08 08:12:49 CST 2018, time=2018-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313122, encodeId=bdb63131221f, content=学习啦.很好的临床应用范例!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210720/81c525def1c4490db2c4d4fd31f4b910/367559b074d146aeab71188669c2396a.jpg, createdBy=3ec21628724, createdName=zybear, createdTime=Tue May 08 07:56:27 CST 2018, time=2018-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=312918, encodeId=184a31291882, content=学习学习.复习复习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Mon May 07 19:25:10 CST 2018, time=2018-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=312889, encodeId=4b54312889fa, content=好文章.学习了., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon May 07 17:15:34 CST 2018, time=2018-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-09 青山颖钰

    学习

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1720598, encodeId=23ea1e20598ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c3142e0093' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#APTT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2700, encryptionId=c3142e0093, topicName=APTT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6c3f32877268, createdName=respect, createdTime=Sat Mar 30 10:03:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315780, encodeId=c91a315e80df, content=真能确定这是个血友病甲吗?毕竟女性血友病甲是极为罕见的.应该排除下是否因为VWF缺乏而引起的继发VIII因子缺乏., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/IK51ib2JCIrIk0SLDUX4zPc5JFvRbIb2eiaSlnmSR72LPs5mKnymP78byEL8mucAd5EBx0ITS03fbQ7sUksxGQmpDqy2ANlnrF/0, createdBy=1f68104876, createdName=yinge, createdTime=Wed May 16 23:53:50 CST 2018, time=2018-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313314, encodeId=12a231331400, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/18/9fba4e8a3782366829a5645367fdb658.jpg, createdBy=b5732293938, createdName=青山颖钰, createdTime=Wed May 09 00:41:29 CST 2018, time=2018-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313129, encodeId=bf08313129ce, content=好文献学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Tue May 08 08:12:49 CST 2018, time=2018-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=313122, encodeId=bdb63131221f, content=学习啦.很好的临床应用范例!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210720/81c525def1c4490db2c4d4fd31f4b910/367559b074d146aeab71188669c2396a.jpg, createdBy=3ec21628724, createdName=zybear, createdTime=Tue May 08 07:56:27 CST 2018, time=2018-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=312918, encodeId=184a31291882, content=学习学习.复习复习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Mon May 07 19:25:10 CST 2018, time=2018-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=312889, encodeId=4b54312889fa, content=好文章.学习了., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon May 07 17:15:34 CST 2018, time=2018-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-08 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献学习了

    0

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    2018-05-08 zybear

    学习啦.很好的临床应用范例!

    0

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    2018-05-07 易水河

    学习学习.复习复习

    0

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    2018-05-07 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    好文章.学习了.

    0