EMAS立场声明:维生素D和绝经后妇女健康共识

2012-02-17 MedSci MedSci原创

 维生素D缺乏不仅与骨质疏松症相关,还与心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症、感染和神经变性疾病相关。尽管已有强有力的证据显示 维生素D对骨骼有影响,但维生素D对非骨骼方面转归的影响目前仍缺乏大型的前瞻性研究结果。欧洲更年期和男性更年期学会(EMAS)专家组对"维生素D在绝经妇女中的作用"作了一项立场声明,并发表于2012年1月《欧洲更年期杂志》。(Maturitas.2012-01;71(1):83-8.)

 维生素D缺乏不仅与骨质疏松症相关,还与心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症、感染和神经变性疾病相关。尽管已有强有力的证据显示 维生素D对骨骼有影响,但维生素D对非骨骼方面转归的影响目前仍缺乏大型的前瞻性研究结果。欧洲更年期和男性更年期学会(EMAS)专家组对"维生素D在绝经妇女中的作用"作了一项立场声明,并发表于2012年1月《欧洲更年期杂志》(Maturitas.2012-01;71(1):83-8.)

  根据文献回顾和专家意见共识,EMAS专家组得出了如下结果和结论:

  1. 维生素D的天然来源主要是通过阳光照射刺激皮肤合成,饮食来源较少,如富含脂肪的鱼、蛋和牛奶等动物性食物为主的饮食。

  2. 尽管目前国际上尚未达成共识,但通过测定血清中25-羟基维生素D [25(OH)D]的浓度可确定体内 VD状态。25(OH)D理想的血清浓度范围是30~90(ng/mL)[75–225(nmol/L)]。

  3. 25(OH)D血清浓度随季节(冬季较低)、纬度、海拔高度、空气污染和皮肤色素沉着、防晒霜的使用及衣物遮盖而波动。

  4. 出现低血清25(OH)D浓度的危险因素包括:肥胖,吸收不良综合征,药物使用(如抗惊厥剂,抗逆转录病毒药物),皮肤老化,较少在太阳下照晒及居住于养老院。

  5. 强化食品不一定能提供足够的维生素D; 夏天中午有规律地在太阳下照晒(不使用防晒霜)15分钟,每周3~4次,可产生健康的血清25(OH)D水平;
  6. 每日推荐的维生素D供给量从600IU/d(国际单位/天)增至800IU/d(≥71岁的老人);可采用维生素D2或D3进行补充,根据使用剂量及是否存在合并症如肾病等情况进行监测。

  EMAS专家组给出的具体建议如下:

   卫生专业人员应该意识到,维生素D缺乏或不足是常见的,可能会影响到欧洲的70%人口(包括那些生活在阳光明媚的地区的人)。

   健康的绝经后妇女可以通过阳光照射(15分/天,3-4次/周)或补充维生素D(800-1000 IU /天),即可得到充足的血药浓度。

   低血清25(OH)D水平的妇女,维生素D的补充剂量应为4000-10000 IU /天,才能达到足够的水平。

  • 有病态肥胖(前、后胃肠搭桥手术)、吸收不良综合征、肝或肾脏疾病的妇女,需要定制具体剂量的维生素D补充剂。

  维生素D缺乏症与骨质疏松症和/或以前偶然发生的骨折相关,此类妇女应该补充足够量的维生素D(如果没有低血清维生素D水平的相关风险因素的话,应达到800-1200 IU /天),同时需要进行明确的骨保护治疗。

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    2012-04-22 ankita

    Ab fab my gdoloy man.

    0

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    2012-02-19 fengyi812
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    2012-02-19 zxxiang

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