手术部位感染预防指南——外科手消毒

2018-10-14 协和手术室 协和手术室

常规手卫生的目的是去除污垢、有机物质、减少暂居菌群中的微生物污染。外科手消毒必须消除暂居菌群,减少常居菌群并抑制细菌的生长。尽管有关外科手消毒对减少SSI影响的科学证据有限,但该预防措施的目的是减少手术期间尤其是在外科手套发生破损且未被注意的情况下皮肤细菌从手术人员的手释放到开放性伤口中的风险。如果用非抗菌皂液刷手,手套下会出现细菌的快速繁殖,而用抗菌皂液刷手会减慢细菌繁殖。虽然皮肤菌群很少导致S

常规手卫生的目的是去除污垢、有机物质、减少暂居菌群中的微生物污染。外科手消毒必须消除暂居菌群,减少常居菌群并抑制细菌的生长。尽管有关外科手消毒对减少SSI影响的科学证据有限,但该预防措施的目的是减少手术期间尤其是在外科手套发生破损且未被注意的情况下皮肤细菌从手术人员的手释放到开放性伤口中的风险。

如果用非抗菌皂液刷手,手套下会出现细菌的快速繁殖,而用抗菌皂液刷手会减慢细菌繁殖。虽然皮肤菌群很少导致SSI,但在异物或坏死组织存在的情况下,即使每单位低至100个菌落也会引发感染

世界卫生组织关于手部卫生的指南建议在外科手消毒之前剪短指甲,去除首饰、人造指甲或指甲油。如果指甲存在可见的污染,指南建议使用指甲清洁剂(不是刷子)在流动水下(水槽设计应满足可以降低飞溅的风险)从指甲下方清除污染物并洗手。在戴无菌手套之前应使用合适的抗菌皂液刷手或含酒精的速干消毒剂涂抹手(但不主张联合使用),优选确保持续活性的产品进行外科手消毒。通常,手和前臂应使用抗菌皂液刷洗2-5分钟。

指南指出,如果OR中的水质不确定,建议使用含酒精的速干消毒液剂涂抹手进行外科手消毒。使用方法应遵循产品制造商的指导,并且在戴无菌手套前使手和前臂干燥。一些组织已经发布了关于外科手消毒的建议,这些在下表进行了总结。



指南建议

专家组建议,戴无菌手套前,应用适当的抗菌皂液刷手或使用合适的含酒精的速干消毒剂涂抹手进行外科手消毒。(强烈推荐,中等质量的证据。)

推荐理由

GDG指出,外科手消毒对于保持手术部位尽可能减少污染至关重要,尤其当术中无菌手套破损的情况下。世卫组织在2009年发布的《卫生保健手卫生指南》和所有现有的其它国家和国际防治SSI指南中建议采用适当的外科手卫生方法。

中等质量证据显示了用含酒精的速干消毒剂涂抹手与用抗菌皂液刷手在预防SSI方面等效。

以SSI作为结果的现有证据仅限于三项随机对照试验。 试验比较涂抹手(含酒精的速干消毒剂)与刷手(聚维酮碘、葡萄糖氯己定以及只用肥皂)进行外科手消毒,无显着差异。

若使用含酒精的速干消毒剂之前手没有完全干燥,其有效性可能会降低。因此,刷手和含酒精的速干消毒剂涂抹手的方法不应该结合使用。

备注

关于外科医生偏好的研究表明:外科医生主要偏爱使用含酒精的速干消毒液涂抹手进行外科手消毒。主要由于手术准备所需的时间缩短和皮肤反应减少。

应用

使用以SSI为结果的观察性研究结果显示使用含酒精的速干消毒剂涂抹方法具有显着成本效益。加拿大的一项研究显示,一年2000例手术的手术刷手相关的费用约为6000Can$,不包括清洁和消毒手术毛巾的费用。在全年使用含酒精的速干消毒剂之后一年实际支出为2531Can$,每年可节省约3500Can$。

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    2019-02-10 13718711b3m

    学习了,非常实用的操作技术,值得借鉴的临床经验和学习资料,涨知识,获益匪浅,感谢分享!

    0

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    2019-02-28 neurowu
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    2018-10-16 huperzia
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    2018-10-16 盖伦

    学习了,我一定会看的

    0

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    2018-10-16 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0