PLOS Pathogens:精液微生物或助HIV性传播

2014-07-28 王英 生物通

HIV传染性的经典范例,是以血液HIV RNA病毒载量为中心。然而,其他体液(如精液、脑脊液)可能具有与血液不同的病毒载量, HIV局部脱落的原因尚未完全明确。由于精液病毒载量是HIV传播风险的一个独立预测因子,因此它对于理解触发精液病毒脱落增加的局部因素和开发新的预防措施,是至关重要的。 HIV存在于许多体液中,但是通过过精液的性传播仍然是艾滋病最常见的感染途径。因此,精液

HIV传染性的经典范例,是以血液HIV RNA病毒载量为中心。然而,其他体液(如精液、脑脊液)可能具有与血液不同的病毒载量, HIV局部脱落的原因尚未完全明确。由于精液病毒载量是HIV传播风险的一个独立预测因子,因此它对于理解触发精液病毒脱落增加的局部因素和开发新的预防措施,是至关重要的。

HIV存在于许多体液中,但是通过过精液的性传播仍然是艾滋病最常见的感染途径。因此,精液中的病毒量(精液病毒载量)可影响HIV传播的可能性。除了精子之外,精液中还含有免疫因子和细菌群(影响病毒载量的一个环境)。2014年7月24日在国际著名病原学期刊 PLOS Pathogens发表的一项研究报道称,HIV感染可改变精液细菌和免疫因素之间的关系,这反过来又影响病毒载量,表明精液微生物组在HIV性传播过程中发挥一定的作用。

由美国翻译基因组学研究院的Lance Price和多伦多大学的Rupert Kaul带领的研究小组,通过分析男男性接触(MSM)的49名男性精液样本,研究了精液细菌与HIV感染之间的关系。他们集中在MSM人群,是因为这类人群具有HIV传播的高风险。其中27名男性感染了HIV,分别在他们开始抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)之前1个月和之后6个月,提供样本。来自22名MSM男性、没有感染HIV的样本,被用作对照。

在没有接受ART治疗的HIV感染男性中,样本中的所有细菌——精液细菌载量,与HIV病毒载量存在相关性。通过16SrRNA焦磷酸测序,研究人员分析了样品中的细菌DNA,他们发现精液中有248个完全不同于对照组的细菌种类,平均每个样本有71个不同细菌种类。来自未经治疗的HIV感染男性的样本中,精液微生物组多样性明显降低,更常见细菌群体的相对丰度有所不同。经过六个月的ART治疗,可将精液病毒载量减少到检测不到的水平,并恢复细菌的多样性,使其与对照组有相似的成分。

在未感染的对照组中,免疫因子水平和精液细菌载量之间没有相关性。相反,在HIV感染男性中,几个因素和一种称为白细胞介素-1β(IL-1b)的炎症介质,表现出与精液细菌载量和精液病毒载量之间的相关性。

研究人员指出,要描绘这种复杂关系的定向性和因果关系,还有待于进一步的研究。他们的数据表明,精液微生物组、局部免疫学和精液病毒载量之间存在相互作用。精液中较高的细菌载量,可导致更高的IL-1b水平,这反过来又可能诱导病毒脱落,从而增加病毒载量。他们得出结论:这些结果支持这样一种假设,即精液细菌在局部炎症和HIV脱落中发挥一定的作用,它们可能是减少HIV传播的一个潜在靶标。

原始出处:


Liu CM1, Osborne BJ2, Hungate BA3, Shahabi K2, Huibner S2, Lester R4, Dwan MG4, Kovacs C5, Contente-Cuomo TL4, Benko E6, Aziz M7, Price LB7, Kaul R8.The Semen Microbiome and Its Relationship with Local Immunology and Viral Load in HIV Infection.PLoS Pathog. 2014 Jul 24;10(7):e1004262. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004262. eCollection 2014.

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    2014-12-24 cnxcy
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    2014-07-30 hb2008ye
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