Science:**到原子级别!这些蛋白质晶体竟是哮喘的“罪魁祸首”

2019-05-27 佚名 生物探索

困惑了人们百年的谜题终于掀开面纱!哮喘中存在着蛋白质晶体竟是“罪魁祸首”。

哮喘是一种常见的慢性气道炎症,常导致反复发作的喘息、气促、胸闷、咳嗽等症状,严重影响患者生活质量。据全球哮喘报告显示,哮喘的发病率约为4.3%,这意味着全世界有大约3.34亿人患有不同程度的哮喘。预计到2025年,这一数字还将增长1个亿,变成4.34亿。

近日,比利时VIB、根特大学附属医院(Ghent University Hospital)和生物技术公司Argenx合作研究了哮喘中是否存在蛋白质晶体。蛋白质在体内通常不会结晶,除非遇到一些特殊的情况。研究人员发现,当蛋白质晶体在呼吸道粘液中的含量非常丰富时,会刺激免疫系统,诱发哮喘患者呼吸道炎症和粘液分泌的改变。这项研究已发表在《Science》杂志上。

漫长的蛋白质晶体确认过程

早在1853年,巴黎学者Jean-Martin Charcot报告了他在哮喘患者痰中观察到的双锥体晶体的详细草图。1872年,Ernst von Leyden也做了同样的观察。这些结晶沉积物就是医学界广为人知的Charcot-Leyden晶体(CLCs)。

从那以后,CLCs晶体便与哮喘,支气管炎,过敏性鼻炎和鼻窦炎等慢性过敏性和炎性疾病挂上钩。

然而,由于它们与疾病的实际联系不得而知,所以科学家们在很大程度上忽略了这些晶体。直到最近几十年中,科学家才确认CLC是由半乳糖凝集素-10(Galectin-10, Gal10)组成的。Gal10是嗜酸性粒细胞中最丰富的蛋白质之一,它有助于在人体内产生炎症反应。令人惊讶的是,Gal10仍然在很大程度上可溶于嗜酸性粒细胞,它只有在作为免疫防御的一部分被释放后才会形成晶体。

CLCs晶体可能会对肺部造成伤害

CLCs晶体的功能令人捉摸不透,以至于科学家们无法确定CLCs是否刺激肺部免疫并导致过度炎症反应导致疾病。

研究人员Bart Lambrecht教授说:“几乎每位医生都会在医学训练中了解到CLCs ,并且每个人都会将这些晶体与嗜酸性粒细胞结合起来。它们经常在哮喘患者的痰液中被发现,尤其是那些患有严重疾病的病人。然而,没有人真正知道这些晶体是做什么的以及为什么它们出现在那里。通过类比痛风,尿酸晶体引起的关节炎症发作,我们推断CLCs 可能也会对哮喘患者的肺部造成伤害。”

精确到原子级别

为了验证这一想法,科学家们克服了许多技术上的挑战。他们在实验室中找到一种能够产生数百万Gal10晶体方法,并确定这些晶体与病人体内发现的CLCs相同。研究人员还使用从患者处得到的晶体来确定Gal10的三维结构,并将其精确到原子尺度。

Savvas Savvides教授表示:“这是生化和医学史上第一次以原子分辨率来研究患者来源的蛋白质晶体。值得注意的是,这种微观晶体虽然只有几微米,但却经历了艰苦而严酷的实验过程最终存活了下来。最重要的是,我们根据获得的数据获得了蛋白质分子内部美丽的三维结构。”

研究人员发现,只有当Gal10处于晶体状态时,它才会引发完全成熟的免疫反应。在溶液中,Gal10是无害的。 然而,以CLCs晶体形式存在的Gal10会诱发哮喘的主要特征,包括产生粘液改变,这对大多数哮喘患者来说是一个大问题。

哮喘治疗或迎来春天

随后,研究团队联合一家位于根特的生物技术公司Argenx开发出的抗体可以特异性地对抗CLC。值得注意的是, 抗体能够在实验室的培养皿中在几分钟内溶解CLC,并在患者体外粘液中几小时内溶解。在哮喘小鼠模型中,使用这些抗体可显着减少肺部炎症、肺功能改变和粘液产生。这种抗体可能是逆转蛋白质晶体、治疗哮喘和其他呼吸道慢性炎症疾病的一线疗法。

用抗体溶解CLC

Savvides教授说:“就像变魔术一般,我花了25年的时间学习并苦恼于蛋白质晶体结构生物学。 现在,突然间我就看到了蛋白质晶体实时溶解。最重要的是,我们还能看到这些抗体是如何通过决定它们与抗原的晶体结构来发挥神奇的作用的。”

当然,还需要更多的测试来验证这一发现。但是小鼠模型中的数据显示,使用这些抗体可能是有效减少哮喘患者肺部过度炎症和粘液积聚的方法。由于目前还没有针对气道粘液积聚的药物,这一发现将改变该现状。

原始出处:

Emma K. Persson, Kenneth Verstraete, Ines Heyndrickx, et al. Protein crystallization promotes type 2 immunity and is reversible by antibody treatment. Science  24 May 2019: Vol. 364, Issue 6442, eaaw4295, DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw4295.

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    2019-05-29 智智灵药
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1811577, encodeId=a63318115e781, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=549f88e249f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蛋白质晶体#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88724, encryptionId=549f88e249f, topicName=蛋白质晶体)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccbd84, createdName=shizhenshan, createdTime=Sat Sep 07 18:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1765780, encodeId=6d151e657801c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=252ae1803a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#白质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71803, encryptionId=252ae1803a3, topicName=白质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Thu Aug 15 08:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1297083, encodeId=322c129e0836b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=158288e017c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蛋白质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88701, encryptionId=158288e017c, topicName=蛋白质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Wed May 29 08:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375946, encodeId=a9af13e5946cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智智灵药, createdTime=Wed May 29 08:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=366934, encodeId=402436693475, content=过敏原, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Tue May 28 18:56:44 CST 2019, time=2019-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=366866, encodeId=c58a3668666e, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0aa31415219, createdName=orangesking, createdTime=Mon May 27 18:54:50 CST 2019, time=2019-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=366865, encodeId=6ddd3668651b, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/2EVCwc9WmQS6ec99H2TX8ejmR40xYjwrIcrqjAnibV36aicL1sLxc21rhpZnqTOxk33HP44iayEwo6qYXqgZvdRtA/132, createdBy=d0d01573846, createdName=329523732, createdTime=Mon May 27 17:45:45 CST 2019, time=2019-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-05-28 lovetcm

    过敏原

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1811577, encodeId=a63318115e781, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=549f88e249f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蛋白质晶体#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88724, encryptionId=549f88e249f, topicName=蛋白质晶体)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccbd84, createdName=shizhenshan, createdTime=Sat Sep 07 18:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1765780, encodeId=6d151e657801c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=252ae1803a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#白质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71803, encryptionId=252ae1803a3, topicName=白质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Thu Aug 15 08:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1297083, encodeId=322c129e0836b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=158288e017c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蛋白质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88701, encryptionId=158288e017c, topicName=蛋白质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Wed May 29 08:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375946, encodeId=a9af13e5946cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智智灵药, createdTime=Wed May 29 08:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=366934, encodeId=402436693475, content=过敏原, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Tue May 28 18:56:44 CST 2019, time=2019-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=366866, encodeId=c58a3668666e, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0aa31415219, createdName=orangesking, createdTime=Mon May 27 18:54:50 CST 2019, time=2019-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=366865, encodeId=6ddd3668651b, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/2EVCwc9WmQS6ec99H2TX8ejmR40xYjwrIcrqjAnibV36aicL1sLxc21rhpZnqTOxk33HP44iayEwo6qYXqgZvdRtA/132, createdBy=d0d01573846, createdName=329523732, createdTime=Mon May 27 17:45:45 CST 2019, time=2019-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-05-27 orangesking

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1811577, encodeId=a63318115e781, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=549f88e249f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蛋白质晶体#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88724, encryptionId=549f88e249f, topicName=蛋白质晶体)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccbd84, createdName=shizhenshan, createdTime=Sat Sep 07 18:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1765780, encodeId=6d151e657801c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=252ae1803a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#白质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71803, encryptionId=252ae1803a3, topicName=白质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Thu Aug 15 08:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1297083, encodeId=322c129e0836b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=158288e017c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蛋白质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88701, encryptionId=158288e017c, topicName=蛋白质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Wed May 29 08:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375946, encodeId=a9af13e5946cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智智灵药, createdTime=Wed May 29 08:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=366934, encodeId=402436693475, content=过敏原, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Tue May 28 18:56:44 CST 2019, time=2019-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=366866, encodeId=c58a3668666e, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0aa31415219, createdName=orangesking, createdTime=Mon May 27 18:54:50 CST 2019, time=2019-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=366865, encodeId=6ddd3668651b, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/2EVCwc9WmQS6ec99H2TX8ejmR40xYjwrIcrqjAnibV36aicL1sLxc21rhpZnqTOxk33HP44iayEwo6qYXqgZvdRtA/132, createdBy=d0d01573846, createdName=329523732, createdTime=Mon May 27 17:45:45 CST 2019, time=2019-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-05-27 329523732

    不错

    0