Diabetes:大脑异常的奖赏系统或是导致肥胖的罪魁祸首

2016-06-20 MedSci MedSci原创

不健康的饮食被认为是肥胖发生的一个关键因素。而大脑奖赏系统的损伤或是机体对甜食渴望的罪魁祸首。来自华盛顿大学医学院的一项新的研究发现,年龄以及奖赏相关的化学物质多巴胺受体的水平,可影响正常体重人群偏好甜食,而不仅仅是肥胖的人群。该研究中,研究人员共招募了44名年龄在20-40岁的成年人。共有24名肥胖者(定义为BMI≥30)。所有参与者摄入一些饮料,每种饮料的糖含量不同,记录参与者所喜爱的饮料。然

不健康的饮食被认为是肥胖发生的一个关键因素。而大脑奖赏系统的损伤或是机体对甜食渴望的罪魁祸首。

来自华盛顿大学医学院的一项新的研究发现,年龄以及奖赏相关的化学物质多巴胺受体的水平,可影响正常体重人群偏好甜食,而不仅仅是肥胖的人群。

该研究中,研究人员共招募了44名年龄在20-40岁的成年人。共有24名肥胖者(定义为BMI≥30)。

所有参与者摄入一些饮料,每种饮料的糖含量不同,记录参与者所喜爱的饮料。然后对参与者进行正电子发射断层(PET)扫描,以评估每名参与者大脑中多巴胺受体的水平。

多巴胺是一种神经递质,是神经细胞之间进行交流的化学物质,可以调节大脑的奖赏和愉悦中枢神经系统。

胰岛素抵抗可能会损害大脑对糖的奖赏反应

在分析健康体重参与者的大脑时,研究人员发现,年龄较小的参与者以及多巴胺受体水平较低的参与者对糖的偏好更大。

“我们发现个体之间对甜食的偏好存在差异,而且我们还发现多巴胺受体的水平也存在个体差异,”该研究的共同作者 Tamara Hershey博士,华盛顿精神病学,神经内科和放射学教授解释道,“但是,当我们研究原因时发现,正常体重人群的一般趋势是,较少的多巴胺受体与更高的甜食偏好有关。”

然而,肥胖人群起趋势并非如此,表明肥胖者的大脑在某种程度上改变了对甜食的偏好。

该研究第一作者,M. Yanina Pepino博士表示,“我们的研究结果确定了肥胖者中,其大脑对食物和多巴胺奖赏反应发生了异常。”

Hershey指出,一些肥胖者的高血糖和高胰岛素浓度可能会改变大脑对糖的反应。她解释道,“胰岛素抵抗和大脑奖赏系统之间存在某种关联,所以这或许与本研究所观察到的关联有关。清楚的是,多余的脂肪不仅会影响机体代谢食物,还会影响机体进食时大脑对奖赏的感知,尤其是甜食。”

目前还不清楚这些发现对肥胖患者来说有何意义,但是研究人员表示,该研究揭示了影响机体对甜食偏好的神经机制。

原始出处:

Honor Whiteman. Obesity linked to abnormal reward response to sugary foods. MNT, 20 June 2016.

M. Yanina Pepino et al.,Sweet dopamine: Sucrose preferences relate differentially to striatal D2 receptor binding and age in obesity, Diabetes, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db16-040


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    2016-10-12 ylzr123

    拜读了,受益匪浅,点个赞!

    0

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    2016-09-21 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很好,非常有益

    0

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    2016-09-13 舒心和人

    感谢分享,学习新知识了

    0

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