Science:重大突破!首次揭示细胞核ATP产生机制

2016-06-04 佚名 生物谷

我们体内的所有细胞都需要线粒体产生的小分子三磷酸腺苷(ATP)来提供细胞代谢、动态变化和生长所需的能量。较小程度上,特别是在癌细胞中,ATP也能够在细胞质中利用葡萄糖降解期间获得的能量而得以产生。在正常条件下,这些ATP来源足以满足细胞的能量需求。然而,作为对应激诱导的外部信号或广泛的DNA损伤作出的反应,细胞需要在全局上对它的基因表达模式进行重编程,这一过程需要进行大量的染色质重塑以便接触到

我们体内的所有细胞都需要线粒体产生的小分子三磷酸腺苷(ATP)来提供细胞代谢、动态变化和生长所需的能量。较小程度上,特别是在癌细胞中,ATP也能够在细胞质中利用葡萄糖降解期间获得的能量而得以产生。在正常条件下,这些ATP来源足以满足细胞的能量需求。然而,作为对应激诱导的外部信号或广泛的DNA损伤作出的反应,细胞需要在全局上对它的基因表达模式进行重编程,这一过程需要进行大量的染色质重塑以便接触到编码在DNA中的调节信息。

细胞核中的DNA被包装成染色质,能够阻止接触到它所携带的遗传信息。为处理应激条件和高水平DNA损伤而进行的基因表达全局重编程需要松绑DNA和染色质蛋白之间的相互作用。对染色质蛋白进行修饰需要消耗大量能量。为了满足这些特殊需求,细胞需要额外的能量,因此它需要激活一种新的途径来获得更多的ATP。

在一项新的研究中,来自西班牙巴塞罗那科学技术研究所基因组调节中心(Centre for Genomic Regulation, CRG)、庞培法布拉大学和罗维拉-威尔吉利大学等机构的研究人员首次描述细胞核中的一种新的途径产生用于染色质重塑和基因表达重编程的能量。他们也鉴定出参与这一过程每个步骤的酶的功能,以及这种酶在对应激信号作出反应时是如何被激活的。他们的结果将有助人们理解染色质重塑机制,以及染色质重塑与DNA损伤和癌症之间的关系。相关研究结果发表在2016年6月3日那期Science期刊上,论文标题为“ADP-ribose–derived nuclear ATP synthesis by NUDIX5 is required for chromatin remodeling”。

论文通信作者、CRG团队负责人Miguel Beato说,“特殊情况要求采取非比寻常的措施。当细胞需要处理基因表达全局重编程时,它们在细胞核内需要大量能量。在这种情形下,细胞阻断线粒体和细胞质ATP产生,以便将注意力聚焦在细胞核中的这种主要任务上。”

研究人员发现作为染色质解压缩和DNA损伤修复中的主要作用物之一,聚腺苷二磷酸核糖(poly-ADP-ribose, PAR)是细胞核ATP合成的基石。腺苷二磷酸核糖(ADP-ribose)中的腺苷二磷酸(ADP)组分被细胞核中的酶NUDIX5用来产生ATP。阻断NUDIX5活性就会阻止染色质重塑、基因表达重编程和细胞对应激或DNA损伤的适应。

论文第一作者、CRG博士后研究员Roni Wright作出结论,“我们的结果指出NUDIX5在细胞核合成ATP用于染色体重塑中发挥着关键性作用。鉴于NUDIX5在多种类型的癌症中过量表达,因此这一基础发现可能导致人们开发出靶向癌症疗法。NUDIX5可能是癌症分级的一种生物标志物,也可能是未来癌症治疗的一种潜在新靶标。”

原始出处

Roni H. G. Wright1,2, Antonios Lioutas1.et.al.ADP-riboe–derived nuclear ATP synthesis by NUDIX5 is required for chromatin remodeling.Science 2016

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    2016-06-06 jichang
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    2016-06-06 listen320
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    2016-06-06 ying_wu
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    2016-06-05 沉心多思

    不错的文章,多学习

    0

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    2016-06-05 沉心多思

    不错的文章,多学习

    0

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    2016-06-05 忠诚向上

    好好学习

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