Cell:染色质“接吻”能调控基因的表达

2013-11-20 MedSci MedSci原创

一项突破性的研究发现将对我们了解我们的遗传蓝图 DNA 的功能产生重大的影响,来自南非的科学家们第一次揭示了,当基因在三维空间中互作,或可说是参与“基因接吻”(gene kissing)时,对于细胞内的基因开启会造成重大的影响。这一里程碑式研究发现发表在世界最著名的研究期刊《细胞》(Cell)杂志上。 “基因接吻”是基因激活的原因或只是一个结果,是一个长期存在的生物学问题。来自南非金山大

Cell:基因“接吻”

一项突破性的研究发现将对我们了解我们的遗传蓝图 DNA 的功能产生重大的影响,来自南非的科学家们第一次揭示了,当基因在三维空间中互作,或可说是参与“基因接吻”(gene kissing)时,对于细胞内的基因开启会造成重大的影响。这一里程碑式研究发现发表在世界最著名的研究期刊《细胞》(Cell)杂志上。
“基因接吻”是基因激活的原因或只是一个结果,是一个长期存在的生物学问题。来自南非金山大学和科学工业研究协会(CSIR)的科学家研究小组最终解答了这个问题。
研究人员通过一些独创性的实验证实了“基因接吻”可以开启基因。这一研究发现阐明了基因是如何从无活性状态转变至活性状态的,以及不同的基因可以同时协调其活性的机制。
在我们的每个细胞中都存在令人难以置信的长达 1.2 米的 DNA ,其紧密卷曲盘旋缩小至只有一粒沙子的 1/50 大小。基因编码了我们的身体性状,如眼睛的颜色或血型。 DNA 则为持续发挥功能、维持我们生存的基因指定了遗传密码。细胞会根据需要来开启和关闭基因。多年来,基因活性调控机制一直是热点研究课题,科学家们有一段时间怀疑基因之间的物理接触——基因接吻有可能发挥了作用。
金山大学分子医学和血液病学系抗病毒基因治疗研究部副教授 Marco Weinberg 说:“ DNA 就像意大利面一样在细胞内盘绕和缠结。因此在很多的地方 DNA 相互接触和相交。这种相互作用有可能对于细胞读取和注释 DNA 中的信息至关重要,但此前从未有人证实过这一点。”
该研究小组在南非定制了最先进的显微镜,这一重要的工具使得研究人员能够深入窥探细胞核,以单分子分辨率成像基因活性。借助这些显微镜,研究人员查看了单基因的活性。随后,利用 DNA 切割酶(又称‘分子剪’),他们在精确位点切割 DNA 阻止了基因之间相互接触。“能够以这种方式改变遗传密码是分子生物学的一个‘圣杯’,直到最近才成为可能。采用这种方法,研究人员证实一些基因‘接吻’是为了让自身被‘开启’,令人惊讶的是在这种情况下,一个基因充当了主导基因编排其他基因的活性,”金山大学博士生 Stephanie Fannucchi 说。
共同作者、博士后研究人员 Youtaro Shibayama 说:“自从去年我们一取得这一技术,就利用它来生成了高效的‘分子剪’,将我们在显微镜和分子生物学上的专业知识与创造性思维相结合,为我们战胜从事这方面研究的竞争对象提供了独特的优势。”
该研究小组将它的部分工作焦点放在了对于人类健康的意义上。在 2011 年末,这一实验室成为了非洲第一个生成诱导多能干细胞的机构。结合改变遗传密码和控制基因活性的知识,可以想象未来将出现的一些令人兴奋的新型实验和治疗途径。科学家们将更深入了解癌症、糖尿病等慢性疾病、过敏反应和许多其他的疾病以及重要的细胞过程。这一重要的研究为全球的科学家们提供了关于基因的运作机制以及如何来控制它们的新知识和工具,为未来的研究发现铺平了道路。


原始出处:
Fanucchi S, Shibayama Y, Burd S, Weinberg MS, Mhlanga MM. Chromosomal Contact Permits Transcription between Coregulated Genes.

Cell. 2013 Oct 24;155(3):606-20. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.051.

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    2013-12-05 anan
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1984320, encodeId=b95d198432032, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7e1e9200888' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#调控基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92008, encryptionId=7e1e9200888, topicName=调控基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=236b481, createdName=anan, createdTime=Thu Dec 05 23:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1868715, encodeId=df561868e15d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Fri Jan 24 23:53:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1958954, encodeId=4064195895464, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Sun Feb 02 00:53:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=9297, encodeId=ab19929e8b, content=,共调节基因可在染色体接触而发生转录,因是正确含意, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=928a84926, createdName=fengmin, createdTime=Tue May 06 11:22:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=9296, encodeId=a3cb9296d2, content=分子间的物理接触,被喻为吻说明思维与表达的自由达到了高度统一。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=928a84926, createdName=fengmin, createdTime=Tue May 06 11:04:00 CST 2014, time=2014-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1575915, encodeId=719815e5915c8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dc0e6184243' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#染色质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61842, encryptionId=dc0e6184243, topicName=染色质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d4ac16256960, createdName=guozhenyu, createdTime=Thu Nov 21 23:53:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2014-02-02 仁医06
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    2014-05-06 fengmin

    ,共调节基因可在染色体接触而发生转录,因是正确含意

    0

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    2014-05-06 fengmin

    分子间的物理接触,被喻为吻说明思维与表达的自由达到了高度统一。

    0

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