年轻患者咽痛、音哑10个月,一直按慢性咽炎治疗无效......

2020-07-13 王伯军 王伯军大夫谈消化

年轻患者咽痛、音哑10个月,一直按慢性咽炎治疗无效,考虑:咽喉反流综合征,服艾司奥美拉唑症状好转。请问:长期服抑酸药物对身体有无影响?胃癌机率是否会增加?

年轻患者咽痛、音哑10个月,一直按慢性咽炎治疗无效,考虑:咽喉反流综合征,服艾司奥美拉唑症状好转。请问:长期服抑酸药物对身体有无影响?胃癌机率是否会增加?

病例

患者女,26岁 ,喉咙不舒服10个月,异物感、疼痛、声音哑,说几句话就没音了嗓子还疼,一直以为是慢性咽炎,在当地吃药几个月没有好转。

去年11月开始去外地求医,做喉镜是单纯慢性咽炎,吃了一个月药没好,再次做喉镜确认是反流性咽喉炎,服康复新液、艾普拉唑、多潘立酮十天没有好,改为铝碳酸镁、艾司奥美拉唑十天,医生说没啥好转就要去消化科照胃镜。因疫情,患者没再去医院,自服艾司奥美拉唑每天20 mg 8周,8周后减到三四天20 mg,直到现在,症状有些好转,但没彻底好,一觉起来喉咙干,声音还是有些哑,胃轻微反酸吃完饭打饱嗝。

患者做胃镜检查,报告结果是慢性非萎缩性胃炎伴胆汁反流,医生建议患者服用雷贝拉唑和枸橼酸莫沙必利片。

艾司奥美拉唑、雷贝拉唑都是抑酸药物,患者之前吃了两个月,近20天才两三天、三四天一次20 mg艾司奥美拉唑,现在再接着吃雷贝拉唑,这样对身体会不会有影响?比方说增加胃癌机率?患者应该怎么治疗呢?

病例解析

通过详细阅读患者发来的病史资料,考虑患者的情况为:咽喉反流综合征、胆汁反流性胃炎。

患者主要症状是喉咙不舒服、有异物感、疼痛、声音哑,两次喉镜检查是慢性咽炎,而反酸轻微,结合胃镜检查是慢性非萎缩性胃炎伴胆汁反流,服质子泵抑制剂艾普拉唑肠溶片等后症状有所好转,因此,咽喉反流综合征的诊断基本明确。

咽喉反流性综合征是指胃内容反流致咽喉部刺激损伤咽喉部引起相应的症状。慢性咽喉部炎症确实存在,咽喉部慢性充血,因此会发生咽喉部不适、音哑,但该慢性炎症主要是由于胃内容反流刺激所致。

其主要原因是食管上括约肌功能障碍有关。喉咽反流可以和胃食管反流病并存,但也可以单独存在。前者突出表现为咽部症状,咽喉部有相应的特异性改变,常发生于白天,站立或坐位;而胃食管反流病则以食管症状为主,烧心、反酸、胸骨后灼痛,夜间反流症状会更明显。据研究70%~80%的咽喉反流患者没有胃食管反流症状。

患者主要是咽喉症状,反酸轻微,因此考虑喉咽反流综合征。必要时做24h喉咽、食管的酸和胆汁监测,咽部pH监测,这是目前客观的诊断手段。

长期的烟酒刺激、饮食不规律、喜欢辛辣刺激食物、熬夜、失眠、精神压力大、疲劳、好生闷气易诱发加重症状。长期吃治疗慢性咽喉炎的消炎药、中成药等反而容易导致咽喉反流。

胃镜检查显示胃内有胆汁,胆汁反流性胃炎可以确定,但并不严重,患者胃部症状也不明显。胃内有胆汁存在,因此,对咽部刺激的反流物可能不只是胃酸,也可能有胆汁,患者症状好转但没有消失可能与只服抑酸药物有关。

咽喉症状治疗,虽然主要原因是食管上括约肌功能障碍,但目前没有改善的药物,目前治疗主要是抑制酸、胆汁等反流,以免对咽喉损伤。

抑酸药物主要是质子泵抑制剂,艾普拉唑、埃索美拉唑、雷贝拉唑等都属于这一类药物。患者前面已经用了这些药物,症状好转,但没有消失,有几方面原因:抑酸药物剂量不够,患者使用埃索美拉唑每日20 mg,一般患者够了,但严重患者需要剂量加倍;同时有胆汁反流,患者没有使用该类药物;慢性咽喉部炎症修复需要一定时间。

据研究长期大剂量使用质子泵抑制剂确实有一定副作用,如恶心、呕吐、腹胀、便秘等,增加胃底腺息肉发生率,甚至增加胃癌风险、肾脏损害。一项研究,观察20多万人,随访时间长达10年,结果显示:

每天服用质子泵抑制剂,连续使用超过1年,患胃癌风险与非使用者相比,高出5.04倍。非使用者,并不是从来不使用质子泵抑制剂,而是频率没达到每周都使用,且不会连续长期使用。

每天服用质子泵抑制剂,连续使用超过2年,其患胃癌风险比非使用者高6.65倍。

每天服用质子泵抑制剂,连续使用超过3年,其患癌风险达到8.34倍之多!

合并有幽门螺杆菌感染者,患癌风险会更高。

上述讲的副作用,主要见于长时间(1年以上)、大剂量、连续每天服用者,但一般使用几个月质子泵抑制剂的患者很少有副作用的!

而需要长期大剂量连续使用质子泵抑制剂者很少,少数胃食管反流病、咽喉反流综合征患者确实需要这样使用。

患者现在只使用质子泵抑制剂2月余,再多用几个月也没有关系的。

如果患者现在咽喉部症状仍然明显,建议正规好好治疗。先查幽门螺杆菌,若阳性,必须根除,该菌也是胆汁反流性胃炎的重要原因。再用大剂量抑酸药物、吸附胆汁药物、促胃动力药物治疗,待症状控制稳定后再逐步减少剂量至停用。同时必须控制饮食,改善生活习惯。

建议

1. 做幽门螺杆菌检查,若阳性必须根除。必要时做24h喉咽、食管的酸和胆汁监测,咽部pH监测,

2. 埃索美拉唑片20 mg早、晚饭前半小时口服每日2次,莫沙必利片5 mg每日3次饭前半小时口服,铝碳酸镁片2粒每日3次饭后2~3小时嚼碎口服,以抑制胃酸、促进食管胃动力、吸附胆汁治疗。

若咽喉不适明显,可短时间,几天,不超过一周,使用金嗓子喉宝含服。

3. 保持心情愉快,减轻工作压力,不要疲劳;适当锻炼,主要是做放松运动,如快走、慢跑、瑜珈等等;转移注意力,不要过多关注自己的身体,把注意力集中到自己感兴趣的有益身心健康的事情上,这些措施可调节人体植物神经,改善食管上括约肌功能。

避免以下食物:

高脂肪食物、油炸食品、酸及甜的食物、柑橘类水果、西红柿、辣椒、生的大蒜及洋葱、巧克力、咖啡因、烟酒。

进食八分饱,汤水少喝要分次喝;餐后要有30分钟活动时间,不要做弯腰动作。

保持规律生活,保证充足睡眠。

这些措施有利减轻反流,改善咽喉部症状。

注意:以上治疗先一个月,其后需要再次咨询,根据情况再调整药物,总原则先控制症状、稳定、其后再逐步减量。

此外,患者称如果不吃抑酸药物,一天大概三四次左右出现反胃酸,时间三秒左右,这种情况属于是轻微反酸吗?

患者前面病史描述只说咽部不适明显、音哑,而反酸轻微,因此只考虑咽喉反流综合征,如果患者一天反酸3~4次,这反酸是明显的,要考虑咽喉反流综合征合并胃食管反流病,治疗相同。

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    2020-12-11 ms6000000018096400

    我怀疑我爸也是这个病,两次检查都是慢性咽炎,已经一年有余了还是那样。这篇文章对我非常有帮助,感谢!

    0

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    2020-07-23 ms7000000593056838

    小病不可忽视

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=907149, encodeId=f1f190e14966, content=我怀疑我爸也是这个病,两次检查都是慢性咽炎,已经一年有余了还是那样。这篇文章对我非常有帮助,感谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211021/9aca18b9619740cd8bc33af6cc5cbe2c/0e1858a2c2f24821983af34ad928dea5.jpg, createdBy=63a25425326, createdName=ms6000000018096400, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 20:36:02 CST 2020, time=2020-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1763809, encodeId=9fe71e63809b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b259398411b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#咽炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39841, encryptionId=b259398411b, topicName=咽炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=393437571653, createdName=12498a1cm79暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Nov 25 19:36:20 CST 2020, time=2020-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=804097, encodeId=ade780409e09, content=小病不可忽视, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200930/e0fbd563d9054278997cb567f3351d90/db37f938d1ea4a96a7e324c062c9461b.jpg, createdBy=3d615392683, createdName=ms7000000593056838, createdTime=Thu Jul 23 13:37:08 CST 2020, time=2020-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1457574, encodeId=12ff145e57417, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9586535044e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#慢性咽炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53504, encryptionId=9586535044e, topicName=慢性咽炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7b8a5959881, createdName=millore, createdTime=Wed Jul 15 00:36:20 CST 2020, time=2020-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1525699, encodeId=c6f915256996a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e96e489842a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#年轻患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48984, encryptionId=e96e489842a, topicName=年轻患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=aab511654279, createdName=minzju5056, createdTime=Wed Jul 15 00:36:20 CST 2020, time=2020-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=907149, encodeId=f1f190e14966, content=我怀疑我爸也是这个病,两次检查都是慢性咽炎,已经一年有余了还是那样。这篇文章对我非常有帮助,感谢!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211021/9aca18b9619740cd8bc33af6cc5cbe2c/0e1858a2c2f24821983af34ad928dea5.jpg, createdBy=63a25425326, createdName=ms6000000018096400, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 20:36:02 CST 2020, time=2020-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1763809, encodeId=9fe71e63809b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b259398411b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#咽炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39841, encryptionId=b259398411b, topicName=咽炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=393437571653, createdName=12498a1cm79暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Nov 25 19:36:20 CST 2020, time=2020-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=804097, encodeId=ade780409e09, content=小病不可忽视, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200930/e0fbd563d9054278997cb567f3351d90/db37f938d1ea4a96a7e324c062c9461b.jpg, createdBy=3d615392683, createdName=ms7000000593056838, createdTime=Thu Jul 23 13:37:08 CST 2020, time=2020-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1457574, encodeId=12ff145e57417, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9586535044e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#慢性咽炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53504, encryptionId=9586535044e, topicName=慢性咽炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7b8a5959881, createdName=millore, createdTime=Wed Jul 15 00:36:20 CST 2020, time=2020-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1525699, encodeId=c6f915256996a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e96e489842a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#年轻患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48984, encryptionId=e96e489842a, topicName=年轻患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=aab511654279, createdName=minzju5056, createdTime=Wed Jul 15 00:36:20 CST 2020, time=2020-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]