JCI:心肌炎由特定免疫细胞侵袭所致

2011-04-05 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

3月29日,德国癌症研究中心发表公告称,该所科学家与美国同事合作发现,心肌炎是由特定免疫细胞侵袭所导致。免疫细胞攻击内源性组织,是因为它们在成熟过程中没有机会识别一种只存在于心脏肌肉中的蛋白质。相关论文发表于《临床研究期刊》(The Journal of Clinical Investigation)。 心肌炎通常很危险,常常导致致命的心脏增大。许多情况下心脏移植是唯一的治疗希望。长期以来,

3月29日,德国癌症研究中心发表公告称,该所科学家与美国同事合作发现,心肌炎是由特定免疫细胞侵袭所导致。免疫细胞攻击内源性组织,是因为它们在成熟过程中没有机会识别一种只存在于心脏肌肉中的蛋白质。相关论文发表于《临床研究期刊》(The Journal of Clinical Investigation)。

心肌炎通常很危险,常常导致致命的心脏增大。许多情况下心脏移植是唯一的治疗希望。长期以来,医生们已有证据表明,自身免疫反应(即免疫系统的攻击)是引起危险发炎的原因。

然而至今仍不清楚,抗体或免疫细胞是否损害心脏肌肉组织。此外,也不知道免疫系统的致命攻击究竟针对心脏肌肉多种蛋白质中的哪一些。现在,由来自德国癌症研究中心、美国哈佛大学、美国戴纳法伯癌症研究所等多个研究机构的科学家组成的科研团队解开了这些疑团。

科学家们对患有致命心肌炎疾病的小鼠研究发现,小鼠心脏内一种特有的肌球蛋白α-MyHC是免疫细胞自动攻击的目标。这种蛋白质只存在于心脏肌肉,不存在于骨骼肌肉中。

参与此项研究的德国癌症研究中心的科尤斯凯教授表示,T细胞这种免疫细胞在胸腺器官内完成其早期发育时,会遇到大量的细胞,并认为这些细胞是无害的。而患病实验小鼠的胸腺内没有α-MyHC的存在,因此,T细胞在早期没有机会认识这种蛋白质,再次遇到这种蛋白质就会认为其有害而实施攻击。研究人员还证明,通过改变遗传基因使小鼠的胸腺能够产生α-MyHC,结果这些小鼠便不再患自身免疫性心肌炎。

研究人员表示,人的胸腺也不会形成α-MyHC。因此,在人的血液中持续循环的T细胞具有攻击心脏的潜在可能。科尤斯凯教授说:“一旦心脏肌肉因某种病毒的感染或心肌梗塞受损,大量α-MyHC就会释放出来,T细胞可能就会攻击这种蛋白而导致心肌炎。”

德美联合研究小组的这一研究成果有助于研发出对自身免疫性心肌炎更有针对性的治疗方法。(生物谷Bioon.com)

生物谷推荐原文出处:

J Clin Invest. 2011 April 1; 121(4): 1561–1573   doi: 10.1172/JCI44583.

Impaired thymic tolerance to α-myosin directs autoimmunity to the heart in mice and humans

HuiJuan Lv,1,2,3 Evis Havari,1 Sheena Pinto,4 Raju V.S.R.K. Gottumukkala,1,2,3 Lizbeth Cornivelli,1 Khadir Raddassi,3,5 Takashi Matsui,3,6 Anthony Rosenzweig,3,6 Roderick T. Bronson,3 Ross Smith,1 Anne L. Fletcher,3,7 Shannon J. Turley,3,7 Kai Wucherpfennig,3,7 Bruno Kyewski,4 and Myra A. Lipes1,2,3

Autoimmunity has long been linked to myocarditis and its sequela, dilated cardiomyopathy, the leading causes of heart failure in young patients. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined, with most clinical investigations focused on humoral autoimmunity as the target for intervention. Here, we show that the α-isoform of myosin heavy chain (α-MyHC, which is encoded by the gene Myh6) is the pathogenic autoantigen for CD4+ T cells in a spontaneous mouse model of myocarditis. Further, we found that Myh6 transcripts were absent in mouse medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) and peripheral lymphoid stromal cells, which have been implicated in mediating central and peripheral T cell tolerance, respectively. Transgenic expression of α-MyHC in thymic epithelium conferred tolerance to cardiac myosin and prevented myocarditis, demonstrating that α-MyHC is a primary autoantigen in this disease process. Remarkably, we found that humans also lacked α-MyHC in mTECs and had high frequencies of α-MyHC–specific T cells in peripheral blood, with markedly augmented T cell responses to α-MyHC in patients with myocarditis. Since α-MyHC constitutes a small fraction of MyHC in human heart, these findings challenge the longstanding notion that autoimmune targeting of MyHC is due to its cardiac abundance and instead suggest that it is targeted as a result of impaired T cell tolerance mechanisms. These results thus support a role for T cell–specific therapies for myocarditis.

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    2018-10-26 12436725m24暂无昵称

    所以,这个发现可以帮助研发出针对心肌炎的疫苗吗?

    0

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