张海澄:使用抗心律失常药五大注意事项

2016-12-26 张海澄 中国循环杂志

心律失常是常见疾病,那么临床医生在使用抗心律失常药物时应该注意哪些问题?北京大学人民医院张海澄教授就此谈了以下五个注意事项。 (1)紧急状态下或在应用药物无效时应及时采用非药物治疗。 当患者有急性血液动力学障碍(如低血压、休克、急性心力衰竭),不论心室律是室性还是室上性,规律与否,均应首选电击复律。 对快速心室率、药物控制无效的房颤、房扑,如无近期动脉栓塞史、无低钾血

心律失常是常见疾病,那么临床医生在使用抗心律失常药物时应该注意哪些问题?北京大学人民医院张海澄教授就此谈了以下五个注意事项。

 

1紧急状态下或在应用药物无效时应及时采用非药物治疗。

 

当患者有急性血液动力学障碍(如低血压、休克、急性心力衰竭),不论心室律是室性还是室上性,规律与否,均应首选电击复律。

 

对快速心室率、药物控制无效的房颤、房扑,如无近期动脉栓塞史、无低钾血症及洋地黄过量,均应即刻或择期进行电击复律。对反复发作的恶性室性心律失常,电击复律后可考虑植入ICD治疗。

 

2熟悉各类抗心律失常药物的作用特点、适应证及禁忌证。

 

3注意抗心律失常药物的致心律失常作用。

 

应用抗心律失常药物后,如出现新的心律失常或使原有的心律失常加重,必须警惕可能发生了致心律失常作用。


抗心律失常药致心律失常的发生率各不相同,总发生率可高达10%,约为恩卡尼15%、氟卡尼12%、莫雷西嗦11 %、奎尼丁11%、氯卡尼8 %、普鲁卡因胺9%、普罗帕酮8%、美西律7%、丙6%、胺碘酮5%

 

因此在应用抗心律失常药物过程中应密切观察用药后的病情变化,一旦出现严重致心律失常作用应立即停药,并采取有效措施,如发生缓慢心律失常者,可用阿托品或异丙肾上腺素纠正,必要时两者可并用,对无QT间期延长的室速,可试用利多卡因,无效时可慎用普鲁卡因胺对尖端扭转型室速,可静注硫酸镁或行人工心脏起搏,对“无休止”型室速伴血流动力学改变者,应持续人工心肺复苏。

 

4用药剂量应个体化。

 

应始终遵循针对每一个患者的个体化治疗原则,包括药物种类、剂量、用药方式的选择和把握等,特别对心力衰竭、肝和肾功能不良患者应注意调整剂量。


由于多数抗心律失常药物的剂量与血药浓度呈非线性关系,为保证用药安全有效,除有时需进行血药浓度监测外,更应注意加强病情变化的观察,以确定适宜的用药剂量。

 

5注意药物间的相互作用。

 

在联合用药时,应以疗效高、不良反应少为目的最好避免联用同类的抗心律失常药物,及可能增加不良反应的药物;在选用有可能进一步延长QT间期的药物时更需慎重;药物联用时,应加强监护,防止发生严重的不良反应。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1906715, encodeId=b1471906e1566, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6440650062f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注意事项#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65006, encryptionId=6440650062f, topicName=注意事项)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6ac207, createdName=xlwang2691, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 21:26:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166401, encodeId=6fdd16640169, content=学习了,非常有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=85621649328, createdName=1ddc3547m22(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Dec 28 20:57:36 CST 2016, time=2016-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166333, encodeId=e2de16633333, content=更新换代好快啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Wed Dec 28 12:55:04 CST 2016, time=2016-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=165766, encodeId=81ca165e66ee, content=抗心律失常药, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160807/IMG57A72B38A8C787546.jpg, createdBy=52b31714117, createdName=Anima, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 11:30:50 CST 2016, time=2016-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-28 1ddc3547m22(暂无匿称)

    学习了,非常有用

    0

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    2016-12-28 虈亣靌

    更新换代好快啊

    0

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    2016-12-26 Anima

    抗心律失常药

    0