Developmental Cell:郭巍博士揭示癌症扩散新机制

2013-12-13 佚名 生物通

癌症的发生与正常细胞行为出错有关。细胞增殖和运动陷入混乱,会导致肿瘤生长并扩散至全身。 来自宾夕法尼亚大学的科学家们发现了触动这一细胞调控瓦解的关键步骤,他们发现,一种叫做Exo70的蛋白具有“分裂人格”,一种形式让细胞处于严格控制下,而另一种形式促进了肿瘤侵袭到身体远端部位的能力,从而为诊断癌症扩散提供了新的可能。这项研究发表在12月9日的《发育细胞》(Developmental Ce


癌症的发生与正常细胞行为出错有关。细胞增殖和运动陷入混乱,会导致肿瘤生长并扩散至全身。

来自宾夕法尼亚大学的科学家们发现了触动这一细胞调控瓦解的关键步骤,他们发现,一种叫做Exo70的蛋白具有“分裂人格”,一种形式让细胞处于严格控制下,而另一种形式促进了肿瘤侵袭到身体远端部位的能力,从而为诊断癌症扩散提供了新的可能。这项研究发表在12月9日的《发育细胞》(Developmental Cell)杂志上。

论文的资深作者是宾夕法尼亚大学文理学院生物系副教授郭巍(Wei Guo)博士。目前主要从事细胞迁移、胞吐和癌细胞侵袭等方面的生物学研究。在细胞生物学研究领域取得了一系列显著成就。

郭巍说:“研究结果表明,一种形式的Exo70在维持细胞的‘法律和秩序’中起重要作用,使得组织中的细胞结构化和组织化。”

这并非是郭巍课题组首次研究聚焦Exo70蛋白。Exo70在称作为胞吐作用(exocytosis)的过程中发挥功能,细胞就是借助于胞吐作用将蛋白和诸如激素及神经递质等其他分子转运到细胞膜,并释放它们。在以往的研究工作中,研究人员结合生物化学、超微结构细胞成像和数学建模,证实Exo70和其他一些蛋白质构成胞外分泌复合体(exocyst)参与了细胞迁移,且Exo70自身通过弯曲细胞质膜对细胞膜启动细胞运动起至关重要的作用。

而新研究结果表明,他们过去研究的Exo70只是存在于细胞中的5种形式其中的一种。在当前的研究工作中,他们发现其中一种形式与上皮细胞相关。他们将这种形式称为Exo70E。而在过去的研究中证实与间质细胞或高度活动的细胞相关的形式,他们将之命名为Exo70M。

基于这些形式分别与上皮细胞和间质细胞相关,促使研究人员想到了上皮间质转化(EMT)过程。在这一过程中,通常紧密地挤在一起、结构化的上皮细胞获得了迁移的能力。EMT是细胞生物学的一个正常组成部分,它发生在诸如神经管形成和伤口愈合等过程中,也发生于癌症转移开始。

为了了解Exo70在EMT中可能起的作用,研究人员对一种可以诱导EMT的实验室细胞系进行了研究。当转化发生时,他们观察到Exo70E水平下降而Exo70M水平增高。他们发现一种叫做ESRP1的蛋白似乎在两种形式的切换中起作用,其促进了Exo70E形式,阻止了EMT发生。Perelman医学院的研究人员证实,ERSP1自身是EMT的一个重要调控因子。

通过实验进一步调查两种形式的Exo70影响细胞行为的机制,研究小组发现将Exo70E添加到间质细胞中,可使得它们看起来更像上皮细胞,维持了结构,抑制了运动。当他们在一种乳腺癌细胞系中抑制所有的Exo70形式时,肿瘤细胞丧失了它们的迁移能力。添加Exo70M可让这些细胞恢复迁移与侵袭能力,而Exo70E则不能。

小鼠实验支持了这些结果。研究人员将遗传工作操作表达Exo70E或Exo70M的乳腺癌细胞移植到小鼠体内。通常,癌细胞会扩散至全身,而事实上,研究人员只在具有Exo70M形式的细胞移植小鼠中看到了这种情况。没有迹象表明,给予只表达Exo70E的细胞的小鼠体内有这样的转移。

郭巍说:“在这种情况下,Exo70E表现得几乎像是一个肿瘤抑制子。”

最后,为了确定他们的研究结果是否在人类具有临床关联性,研究人员在来自人类乳腺癌患者的组织中观测了不同的Exo70形式。

郭巍说:我们发现E与M形式比值高的患者,其罹患的癌症不太可能发生扩散。而癌症扩散至淋巴结的患者具有更多的M形式。“

这一研究发现为临床医生诊断癌症进展,或是判断一种特殊癌症病例扩散的可能性提供了一种潜在的生物标记物。

原文出处:

Hezhe Lu, Jianglan Liu, Shujing Liu, Jingwen Zeng, Deqiang Ding, Russ P. Carstens, Yusheng Cong, Xiaowei Xu, Wei Guo.Exo70 Isoform Switching upon Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Mediates Cancer Cell Invasion.Developmental Cell 27(5) pp. 560 - 573.9 December 2013

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    2014-05-05 fzwish20000
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    2014-09-24 lixiaol
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    2014-01-01 维他命