Cell:挑战常规!睡眠抑制大脑自我再平衡!

2016-03-26 佚名 生物谷

人类和其他动物为何睡眠是生理学剩下的深层奥秘之一。神经科学的主导理论是睡眠是大脑“下线”时回放记忆以便更好地编码它们(“记忆巩固”)。另一种主导的竞争性理论就是睡眠在大脑网络的再平衡(re-balancing)中发挥着重要作用,而在清醒(waking,也译作醒着,或者唤醒)时的学习期间,大脑网络受到扰乱。大脑活动的这种“再平衡”涉及稳态可塑性(ho

人类和其他动物为何睡眠是生理学剩下的深层奥秘之一。神经科学的主导理论是睡眠是大脑“下线”时回放记忆以便更好地编码它们(“记忆巩固”)。

另一种主导的竞争性理论就是睡眠在大脑网络的再平衡(re-balancing)中发挥着重要作用,而在清醒(waking,也译作醒着,或者唤醒)时的学习期间,大脑网络受到扰乱。大脑活动的这种“再平衡”涉及稳态可塑性(homeostatic plasticity)机制。这些机制是由美国布兰迪斯大学首次发现的,而且包括布兰迪斯大学生物学教授Gina Turrigiano实验室在内的布兰迪斯大学多家实验室深入地研究了这些机制。

如今,在一项新的研究中,Gina Turrigiano实验室证实这些稳态可塑性机制确实是由睡眠和清醒所控制的,但是与之前的理论完全相反:大脑的自我再平衡(homeostatic rebalancing)仅当动物清醒时才发生,而在睡眠时受到抑制。相关研究结果于2016年3月17日在线发表在Cell期刊上,论文标题为“Neuronal Firing Rate Homeostasis Is Inhibited by Sleep and Promoted by Wake”。

这些发现提出一种更有意思的可能性:不同类型的大脑可塑性---比如,参与记忆巩固的大脑可塑性和参与自我再平衡的大脑可塑性---必需暂时地彼此隔离开来以便防止干扰。

生物计算研究很早就提出神经元必需精心地维持一种平均的兴奋率(firing rate,也译作触发率),非常类似于房间中的自动调温器检测和维持温度。如果没有对兴奋率的自我平衡控制,那么神经网络模型就不能学着进入类似癫痫的完全发作或完全静止的状态。

发现和描述候选机制的大多数研究持续在布兰迪斯大学开展。2013年,Gina Turrigiano实验室提出首个体内证据证实稳态兴奋率存在于在哺乳动物大脑中,并且记录了自由活动的新生大鼠的视觉皮质(visual cortex)中单个神经元的活动,记录时间为期9天,每天8小时都在记录,而且在此期间,它的一只眼视力被挡住。

神经元活动起初下降,但是几天之后,尽管视力被遮挡,但是神经元兴奋率返回到基准水平。事实上,这些实验已证实了人们长期以来的猜测---完整大脑中的神经元活动确实受到稳态调控。

由于有极难得的机会研究自由活动的动物的大脑可塑性基本机制,Gina Turrigiano实验室一直在研究动物行为和稳态可塑性之间存在交集的可能性。为了真正地评价生物钟和行为对神经元自我平衡的可能影响,必需对这整整9天的实验进行拍摄,而不是评价每天的快照照片。

对这项新的研究而言,Gina Turrigiano实验室不得不开发创新性的计算方法记录数兆兆字节(terabyte)的数据,这是在200多小时内不间断地追踪单个神经元的活动所必需的。

基本上,这些数据揭示出视觉皮质中神经元活动的稳态调节受到睡眠和清醒状态的控制。令人吃惊和意料之外的是,神经元活动的自我再平衡几乎只在活动期间发生,而睡眠期间受到抑制。之前的预测要么认为行为状态没有发挥作用,要么认为睡眠导致自我再平衡

最后,Gina Turrigiano实验室在自我再平衡期间人工提高自然清醒时间从而为活跃清醒在其中的因果作用提供证据。当让动物保持清醒时,稳态可塑性得到进一步增强。

这一发现为理解行为、环境和生物钟对大脑中稳态可塑性机制的影响奠定基础。还有一些关键问题仍待解答,包括:

(1)睡眠到底如何抑制稳态可塑性形成?

(2)涉及复杂的转录、翻译、转运和修饰模式的机制如何可能能够受到啮齿类动物的短期行为状态改变的调节?

(3)最后,这一发现可以推广吗?因为自我平衡是双向的,所以向相反方向改变类似地需要清醒吗?或者这种方向的改变需要制定新的规则吗?

原始出处:

Keith B. Hengen, Alejandro Torrado Pacheco, James N. McGregor,et al.Neuronal Firing Rate Homeostasis Is Inhibited by Sleep and Promoted by Wake.Cell.24 March 2016.

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959574, encodeId=14bc19595e4f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Oct 27 15:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1810725, encodeId=f71e1810e2599, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c408615494' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自我再平衡#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86154, encryptionId=0c408615494, topicName=自我再平衡)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1e34303, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Sat Oct 29 18:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869318, encodeId=31fa18693186c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 21:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=74105, encodeId=45ffe41054e, content=我也搞不清了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a6a1604604, createdName=Gsurgeon, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 09:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=74052, encodeId=90a3e405206, content=自我平衡~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-27 维他命
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959574, encodeId=14bc19595e4f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Oct 27 15:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1810725, encodeId=f71e1810e2599, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c408615494' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自我再平衡#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86154, encryptionId=0c408615494, topicName=自我再平衡)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1e34303, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Sat Oct 29 18:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869318, encodeId=31fa18693186c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 21:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=74105, encodeId=45ffe41054e, content=我也搞不清了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a6a1604604, createdName=Gsurgeon, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 09:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=74052, encodeId=90a3e405206, content=自我平衡~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959574, encodeId=14bc19595e4f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Oct 27 15:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1810725, encodeId=f71e1810e2599, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c408615494' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自我再平衡#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86154, encryptionId=0c408615494, topicName=自我再平衡)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1e34303, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Sat Oct 29 18:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869318, encodeId=31fa18693186c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 21:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=74105, encodeId=45ffe41054e, content=我也搞不清了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a6a1604604, createdName=Gsurgeon, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 09:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=74052, encodeId=90a3e405206, content=自我平衡~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959574, encodeId=14bc19595e4f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Oct 27 15:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1810725, encodeId=f71e1810e2599, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c408615494' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自我再平衡#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86154, encryptionId=0c408615494, topicName=自我再平衡)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1e34303, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Sat Oct 29 18:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869318, encodeId=31fa18693186c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 21:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=74105, encodeId=45ffe41054e, content=我也搞不清了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a6a1604604, createdName=Gsurgeon, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 09:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=74052, encodeId=90a3e405206, content=自我平衡~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-28 Gsurgeon

    我也搞不清了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959574, encodeId=14bc19595e4f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Oct 27 15:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1810725, encodeId=f71e1810e2599, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c408615494' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自我再平衡#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86154, encryptionId=0c408615494, topicName=自我再平衡)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1e34303, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Sat Oct 29 18:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869318, encodeId=31fa18693186c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 21:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=74105, encodeId=45ffe41054e, content=我也搞不清了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=174, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a6a1604604, createdName=Gsurgeon, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 09:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=74052, encodeId=90a3e405206, content=自我平衡~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160313/IMG56E50DEC424F44672.jpg, createdBy=ce5b1699635, createdName=Lisa971, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 08:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-28 Lisa971

    自我平衡~

    0