J Neurosci:张永清等脑肿瘤抑制因子调控突触发育研究获进展

2013-08-05 遗传与发育生物学研究所 遗传与发育生物学研究所

神经突触是神经元与其靶细胞之间进行信息交流的特化结构。突触生长过程的精确调控对于神经环路的形成和可塑性至关重要,突触发育和功能的异常导致多种神经精神疾病包括智力低下、自闭症、精神分裂症和神经变性病等。因此,寻找和鉴定突触发育和功能调控基因一直是神经生物学家的重要研究内容之一。 果蝇脑肿瘤基因brat(brain tumor)是一个进化上非常保守的基因,该基因突变后导致果蝇大脑产生肿瘤,造成大脑半

神经突触是神经元与其靶细胞之间进行信息交流的特化结构。突触生长过程的精确调控对于神经环路的形成和可塑性至关重要,突触发育和功能的异常导致多种神经精神疾病包括智力低下、自闭症、精神分裂症和神经变性病等。因此,寻找和鉴定突触发育和功能调控基因一直是神经生物学家的重要研究内容之一。

果蝇脑肿瘤基因brat(brain tumor)是一个进化上非常保守的基因,该基因突变后导致果蝇大脑产生肿瘤,造成大脑半球明显增大。中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所张永清实验室通过多学科的实验手段的研究发现,brat突变体的神经肌肉突触过度生长,其显著特征是突触卫星扣结数大大增加。同时,电镜实验结果表明,与野生型相比,brat突变体突触扣结负责神经递质传递的活性区的大小增大。电生理测试结果表明,brat突变导致自发性的微兴奋性突触后电位升高,突触传递效率下降。并且,FM1-43荧光染料内吞实验显示brat突变体的突触内吞功能受损,表明Brat参与调控突触内吞功能。遗传学互作及生化实验表明,发现brat通过抑制BMP (Bone Morphogenic Protein)信号途径中转录因子Mad(Mothers against decapentaplegic)的表达,从而调控了神经肌肉突触的形态、结构和功能。该研究结果揭示,脑肿瘤蛋白Brat除了在神经系统早期分化发育过程起重要作用外,在已成熟的神经元的突触生长过程中也起着关键作用。该研究将有助于进一步认识突触发育的分子调控机制以及神经系统相关疾病的发病机制。

该研究结果于7月24日正式发表在国际学术期刊Journal of Neuroscience原文下载】。张永清课题组的博士生石文文和陈严为该论文的共同第一作者。合作实验室包括中科院遗传发育所的许执恒研究员实验室和东南大学的谢维教授实验室。

该研究得到了国家自然科学基金委和中科院的资助。

【原文下载】Shi W, Chen Y, Gan G, Wang D, Ren J, Wang Q, Xu Z, Xie W, Zhang YQ.Brain tumor regulates neuromuscular synapse growth and endocytosis in Drosophila by suppressing mad expression.J Neurosci. 2013 Jul 24;33(30):12352-63. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0386-13.2013.

PMID:
23884941

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    2013-08-07 neurowu
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    2013-08-07 lsndxfj
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 人们已知肿瘤会触发新血管的生长以促进对其氧气和营养物质的供应。但是,根据一项对小鼠的新的研究,这种所谓的肿瘤血管生成并非肿瘤利用其健康组织“微环境”来加速其生长的唯一方法:研究人员说,当某些类型的神经纤维在前列腺肿瘤附近或肿瘤内生长时,前列腺癌会变得更加致命和富有侵略性。  ClaireMagnon及其同事研究了前列腺癌的小鼠模型并发现,在肿瘤中及肿瘤周围的高密度的神经生长可帮助前列腺癌的生长及

Nat Commun:一种对抗中风的新武器

再生医学的最重要的目标之一是研发出对中风的新的治疗方法。到目前为止,对此病的干细胞研究一直聚焦于研发出治疗性的神经元——它是脑子中电脉冲的主要的推进者——来修复当输送到大脑的氧气由于某血管因血块堵塞或血管破裂而受限所引起的组织损伤。然而,加州大学戴维斯分校的新的研究显示,其它细胞可能更胜任该任务。 今日发表在《自然-通讯》Nature Communications杂志上的这项大型的合作研究发现,