Lancet Infect Dis:硝唑尼特可有效治疗成人和青少年急性无合并症流感患者

2014-08-25 佚名 dxy

流感是一种由甲、乙、丙型流感病毒感染引发的呼吸道传染病,给全球带来沉重的疾病负担,每年可导致300-500万流感重症病例,25-50万例死亡。在美国,平均每年有5-20%人口受季节性流感影响,约引起20万人次入院和3000-49000人死亡。 新发病毒引起的流感大流行,如甲型H5N1禽流感病毒或最近流行的甲型H7N9流感病毒,由于其高致病性并且严重影响国家、社会、经济的方方面面而备受人们关注。

流感是一种由甲、乙、丙型流感病毒感染引发的呼吸道传染病,给全球带来沉重的疾病负担,每年可导致300-500万流感重症病例,25-50万例死亡。在美国,平均每年有5-20%人口受季节性流感影响,约引起20万人次入院和3000-49000人死亡。

新发病毒引起的流感大流行,如甲型H5N1禽流感病毒或最近流行的甲型H7N9流感病毒,由于其高致病性并且严重影响国家、社会、经济的方方面面而备受人们关注。

由于金刚烷胺普遍存在耐药性,所以目前治疗流感主要局限于神经氨酸酶抑制剂类如奥司他韦和扎那米韦。因此,临床急需新型作用机制的药物,或单独使用或与神经氨酸酶抑制剂联合使用,用来改善患者预后、减少耐药风险。

硝唑尼特是第一个噻唑类抗感染药物,可抑制包括神经氨酸酶抑制剂耐药的病毒株在内的多种类型流感病毒的复制,阻断翻译后阶段病毒血凝素的成熟。

细胞培养研究发现,硝唑尼特可与神经氨酸酶抑制剂发生协同效应;还可抑制呼吸道病毒的复制,如副流感病毒、冠状病毒以及呼吸道合胞病毒。

硝唑尼特(Alinia,Romark实验室出品)是美国官方批准的药物,用于治疗隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫感染导致的腹泻性疾病。现在拉丁美洲地区广泛用于治疗肠道寄生虫感染。随后研发出300mg控释片,在治疗呼吸道病毒感染时可稳定血药浓度。

美国佛罗里达州劳德代尔湖Sunrise医学研究中心Haffizulla博士等进行了一项研究,旨在评估硝唑尼特用于治疗急性无合并症流感的疗效和安全性。研究结果显示,硝唑尼特可减少急性无合并症流感患者的症状持续时间。该结果在线发表在2014年5月的The Lancet Infectious Diseases杂志上。

该研究为随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的2b/3期临床试验,自2010年12月27日-2011年4月30日,在美国的74家初级医疗机构门诊,共招募到了650名受试者。入组标准为:12-65岁发热患者,在症状发作期间48小时内至少伴有一种呼吸道症状及一种流感样全身症状。

研究人员将受试者按1:1比例随机分入硝唑尼特600mg组、硝唑尼特300mg组或安慰剂组。给药5天后随访28天。随机数表由电脑以3个数为一组生成。对研究者、调查人员、研究监督者、患者和实验室工作人员采用盲法设计,对患者治疗分配组不知情。

主要观察终点为从首剂给药到症状缓解的时间。基线水平对接受意向性治疗受试者进行RT-PCR或培养方法明确流感诊断。

结果显示,650名受试者经基线筛选出624人(96%)入组。其中,安慰剂bid组212人、硝唑尼特300mg bid组201人、硝唑尼特600mg qd组211人。安慰剂组受试者症状持续时间中位数为116.7小时,硝唑尼特600mg组为95.5小时,硝唑尼特300mg组为109.1小时。

3组间发生药物不良反应事件情况相似,最常见的不良反应为头痛或腹泻。头痛发生比例依次为安慰剂组(24/212,11%)、硝唑尼特600mg组(17/211,8%)和硝唑尼特300mg组(12/201,6%);腹泻发生比例依次为硝唑尼特600mg组(17/211,8%)、安慰剂组(7/212,3%)和硝唑尼特300mg组(4/201,2%)。

研究结果表明,硝唑尼特600mg bid×5天方案可减少急性无合并症流感患者症状持续时间。该研究意义在于为治疗流感和其他呼吸道病毒感染疾病提供了基础数据。

现仍需进一步研究对该结果加以证实,并评估单独使用该药或联合该药与现有流感药物治疗重症流感病例及流感合并症风险人群的疗效。

原始出处

Haffizulla J1, Hartman A2, Hoppers M3, Resnick H4, Samudrala S5, Ginocchio C6, Bardin M7, Rossignol JF8; US Nitazoxanide Influenza Clinical Study Group.Effect of nitazoxanide in adults and adolescents with acute uncomplicated influenza: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial.Lancet Infect Dis. 2014 Jul

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    2015-03-24 howi
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