Cell: 听40赫兹的声音可以改善老年性痴呆症?

2019-04-21 ALITA BioArt

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)又叫老年性痴呆,是一种中枢神经系统变性病,是最常见的痴呆形式,大约有50%-70%的认知丧失是由AD引起的,而令人沮丧的是目前我们对AD束手无策。

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)又叫老年性痴呆,是一种中枢神经系统变性病,是最常见的痴呆形式,大约有50%-70%的认知丧失是由AD引起的,而令人沮丧的是目前我们对AD束手无策。

AD的特征性病理改变为β淀粉样蛋白沉积形成的细胞外老年斑和tau蛋白过度磷酸化形成的神经细胞内神经原纤维缠结,以及神经元丢失伴随胶质细胞增生等等。正常或者异常的神经元活动都会改善或者破坏参与认知功能的神经回路,进而缓解或者加剧AD病理学的进展。但是神经活动是否能够改善AD的症状还是个欲知而未知的问题。

有研究表明,AD患者脑内伽马波频率振荡异于常人。什么是伽马波?它是人类神经振荡的模式,频率在25到100赫兹之间,以40赫兹最为典型。2016年来自MIT的Tsai首次报道40赫兹的轻微闪烁可以降低β淀粉样斑块和磷酸化tau蛋白同时还激活了小胶质细胞的免疫清除活性,不过这种改善仅限于视觉皮层。Tsai开发了一种叫感觉控制的伽玛夹带gamma entrainment using sensory stimuli (GENUS)的技术。

Tsai团队在Cell上发表文章Multi-sensory Gamma Stimulation Ameliorates Alzheimer’s-Associated Pathology and Improves Cognition,揭示GENUS可参与同学习记忆更为相关的海马和皮层脑区,缓解老年痴呆症状,改善认知。

由于AD的病理机制包括胞外β淀粉样蛋白沉积,胞内tau蛋白过度磷酸化形成的神经原纤维缠结,以及神经元丢失伴随胶质细胞增生等等。那么,Tsai就从行为学、Aβ淀粉沉积、Tua蛋白磷酸化、胶质细胞的激活这几个方面在第一代转基因AD模型小鼠——5XFAD(5XFAD得到了越来越多的科学家的青睐)中展开研究。首先在行为学水平行,40赫兹的听感GENUS显着提高5XFAD小鼠海马依赖的空间学习记忆。同时,缓解5XFAD小鼠的听觉皮层(AC)和海马(HPC)中β淀粉样蛋白聚集。

并且Tsai发现听感GENUS可以激活小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞,小胶质细胞胞体增大且与Aβ共定位,提示Aβ的减少很可能与胶质细胞的激活有关。因为5XFAD模型小鼠没有神经纤维缠结的表型,Tsai在P301S品系小鼠(表达人源性P301S突变的tau蛋白)中开展这部分的工作,结果显示,听感GENUS可以显着减少磷酸化的tau蛋白,同时听感GENUS可以改善淀粉样血管病变,这很有可能与Aβ的清除有关。最后,令人兴奋的是这种效益不仅仅局限于AC,HPC,将听觉和视觉GENUS相结合可以缓解前额叶皮层内侧(mPFC)Aβ的聚集。

每天听一小时40赫兹的声音,一周就可以改善AD症状,这实在是太诱人了。不过研究人员发现这种效果并不稳定,刺激结束后的1周效果就不见了。所以作者进一步希望找出伽马波作用的细胞类型以及其中的分子机制。目前这项技术已经在健康的受试者中开展以评估他的安全性,作者希望可以招募到AD早期患者验证这一疗法的疗效。

原始出处:
Martorell AJ, Paulson AL, Suk HJ, et al.Multi-sensory Gamma Stimulation Ameliorates Alzheimer's-Associated Pathology and Improves Cognition.Cell. 2019 Apr 4;177(2):256-271.e22. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.014. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

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    2021-03-24 zy&kt

    学习了

    0

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    2020-02-03 Boyinsh
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    2019-06-29 维他命
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    2019-04-23 jktdtl
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    2019-04-21 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0