Immunity:艾滋病疫苗研究再现突破,大规模试验成功!

2017-05-27 Heather_z727 来宝网

来自斯克里普斯研究所的科学家们(TSRI)取得了艾滋病疫苗设计的又一个重要突破。这一进步是基于2013年,斯克里普斯研究所科学家们所找到的艾滋病毒表面称为包膜糖蛋白的蛋白质的结构。科学家们使用不同的HIV病毒蛋白亚型,如负责全球大多数感染的C亚型来设计模拟病毒蛋白。



【科学家冲破HIV疫苗研究阻力】来自斯克里普斯研究所的科学家们(TSRI)取得了艾滋病疫苗设计的又一个重要突破。这一进步是基于2013年,斯克里普斯研究所科学家们所找到的艾滋病毒表面称为包膜糖蛋白的蛋白质的结构。科学家们使用不同的HIV病毒蛋白亚型,如负责全球大多数感染的C亚型来设计模拟病毒蛋白。

这一新的免疫原有一天可以结合疫苗,对抗众多艾滋病毒菌株。研究人员表示:“此次研究的目的就是寻找免疫原组合来帮助人们一起对抗HIV的感染。”此次研究的完整报告发表于《免疫力》杂志中。

解决分支C的结构

我们都知道,艾滋病病毒变异速度十分迅速,这也是艾滋病病毒在全球流传的原因,以及使艾滋病疫苗研究停滞不前的关键所在。但是,在此次研究中,科学家们倾向于关注最常见的菌株,称为A、B和C分支。就像流感疫苗一样,一个有效的HIV疫苗需要防止多个菌株。因此研究人员正在设计一组免疫原,可以按照顺序,依次根据需要提供给人们,这样的话他们的免疫系统就可以准备好抵抗即将来临的任何压力。

早在2013年,来自斯克里普斯大学的研究人员就已经确定了进化支包膜糖蛋白的结构,可以识别宿主细胞和含有艾滋病病毒的细胞,而这也是连接艾滋病毒表面蛋白的唯一抗体,因此一个有效的HIV疫苗就必须引发人体产生抗体,用来中和病毒,并且阻断病毒的一切活动。

以之前斯克里普斯大学研究人员的研究为基础,科学家们在新的研究中,着手解决分支C糖蛋白的结构,使分支C的免疫系统可以对抗病毒。分支C是最常见的HIV病毒的亚型,尤其是在撒哈拉以南非洲和印度。而且全球大部分艾滋病病毒感染都是分支C引起的。

科学家们面临着一个巨大的挑战:分支C包膜糖蛋白是出了名的不稳定,分子最容易分崩离析。研究人员需要三聚物一样的物质使分子聚合在一起。为了解决这个问题,研究人员重组糖蛋白,加强了分子间的相互作用。

这个项目虽然花费了大量时间,但也得到了回报。“通过一系列的试验,我们发现在4摄氏度的情况下,这些晶体,包括分支C生长非常困难。基于这一条件,在不断变化的病毒中,糖蛋白也可以像在溶液中一样聚在一起。研究人员使用X射线晶体学技术拍摄出糖蛋白,终于了解了分支C糖蛋白染色体图。

试验疫苗初现成果

研究人员将利用这一条件制成的疫苗用于灵长类动物体内,实验结果非常是可喜的。大规模的试验结果为研究人员提供了新证据。研究人员表示:“这一结果显示我们所创造的免疫原并不是一些人工分子,而是真实有效,可以在现实世界中对抗艾滋病病毒的疫苗。”

原始出处:

Javier Guenaga, Fernando Garces, Natalia de Val, et al. Glycine Substitution at Helix-to-Coil Transitions Facilitates the Structural Determination of a Stabilized Subtype C HIV Envelope Glycoprotein. Immunity 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2017.04.014.

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    2018-02-16 ylz8403
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    2017-09-10 1861ff86b0m

    希望早点到来吧.要不因为恐惧都不知道要死多少人.招受多少异样的眼光.

    0

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    2017-06-07 flysky120

    艾滋病防治和治疗都重要

    0

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    2017-05-28 王秀

    學習了,很受益哦!

    0

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    2017-05-28 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2017-05-27 天涯183

    非常好的文章,学习啦,很受益。

    0

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