以毒攻毒!Cell子刊:寒冷或可成功抵御自身免疫性疾病!

2021-11-02 生物探索 生物探索

暴露在寒冷的环境中,中枢神经系统中的单核细胞活性降低,而单核细胞表型的改变会影响神经炎症期间致病性T细胞的启动,导致T细胞的细胞因子表达减少,从而减弱神经炎症。

自身免疫性疾病是指机体对自身抗原发生免疫反应而导致自身组织损害引起的疾病,我们日常生活中比较常见的自身免疫性疾病有系统性红斑狼疮、肾炎、风湿性关节炎以及甲亢等。目前,这些自身免疫性疾病缺乏有效的针对性治疗手段,对患者的生活产生非常大的负面影响。因而亟需有效的治疗措施,科学家们也一直在寻找治疗策略。

近日,来自瑞士日内瓦大学的一个研究团队经过研究,发现了一种能够治疗自身免疫性疾病的新策略,相关研究结果以“Cold exposure protects from neuroinflammation through immunologicreprogramming”为题,发表在《Cell Metabolism》上。该研究表明,暴露在寒冷的环境中会降低体内单核细胞的活性,进而降低T细胞的活性,从而大大减轻自身免疫性疾病的进程。

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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.002 

在这项研究中,研究人员首先构建了实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎模型(EAE),然后将小鼠模型置于10摄氏度,并逐渐降低环境温度,让小鼠适应寒冷的环境。结果发现,与室温对照组相比,将小鼠模型暴露在寒冷环境当中显著降低了EAE疾病的严重程度,并且在中枢神经系统中观察到脱髓鞘程度显著改善。

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图:冷暴露小鼠(CE)和室温小鼠(RT)的EAE评分表现

那暴露在寒冷的环境中是如何影响EAE进展的呢?我们知道,在人体免疫反应中,单核细胞起着传递、处理消化抗原的重要作用,也就是说免疫反应以单核细胞的抗原呈递能力为基础,进而指导T细胞一类的免疫细胞对抗需要消除掉的抗原。然而,自身免疫性疾病的发生,正是源于免疫细胞对自我抗原与非自我抗原产生混淆,造成机体免疫紊乱,错误地攻击自身抗原,进而导致疾病的出现。

循环的Ly6chi单核细胞具有抗原呈递功能,可以发挥抗炎作用,但是也参与自身免疫发病机制。这类细胞通过迁移到发炎的中枢神经系统,导致EAE病理的出现。由于单核细胞在EAE的发展过程中起着至关重要的作用,因而研究人员检测了EAE期间暴露在寒冷中是否会影响循环中的单核细胞。通过使用流式细胞术进行分析,研究人员发现寒冷降低了Ly6Chi单核细胞/单核细胞衍生细胞的百分比及其在中枢神经系统中的MHCII表达,因而,单核细胞的抗原呈递能力下降、活性降低。除此之外,研究人员还发现T细胞在EAE疾病中的致病性降低。

图片

图:寒冷降低了单核细胞的活性以及T细胞在EAE中的致病性

那单核细胞的活性降低与T细胞的致病性降低之间又存在怎样的关系呢?研究人员发现,在使用抗体介导的方法消耗掉单核细胞之后,致病性T细胞因子完全消除,这说明单核细胞表型改变影响了EAE期间致病性T细胞的启动,进而改善疾病的发展。

总之,这项研究表明,暴露在寒冷的环境中,中枢神经系统中的单核细胞活性降低,而单核细胞表型的改变会影响神经炎症期间致病性T细胞的启动,导致T细胞的细胞因子表达减少,从而减弱神经炎症。同时,研究人员指出尽管寒冷对自身免疫具有明显的保护作用,但会增加对某些病毒的易感性,可能与其他免疫反应或者传染病有关,这值得进一步探究。

参考资料:

[1]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.002

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    2021-12-26 维他命
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    2021-11-04 huagfeg
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1872305, encodeId=fbfa18e23057a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu Dec 02 06:33:34 CST 2021, time=2021-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1936850, encodeId=3666193685066, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a8ac25521d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#以毒攻毒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25521, encryptionId=a8ac25521d8, topicName=以毒攻毒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=32a12500167, createdName=12498ca5m83暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 20:33:34 CST 2022, time=2022-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1962623, encodeId=c0c9196262380, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sun Dec 26 06:33:34 CST 2021, time=2021-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1486317, encodeId=c2f7148631e82, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=72ab4658369' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#寒冷#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46583, encryptionId=72ab4658369, topicName=寒冷)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=92198117115, createdName=huagfeg, createdTime=Thu Nov 04 01:33:34 CST 2021, time=2021-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1580179, encodeId=6e4d15801e984, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bd2529020e1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫性疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29020, encryptionId=bd2529020e1, topicName=免疫性疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=df0516593209, createdName=124988c7m100暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Nov 04 01:33:34 CST 2021, time=2021-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1066481, encodeId=a277106648148, content=。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2eb65256110, createdName=lishuns, createdTime=Wed Nov 03 08:07:24 CST 2021, time=2021-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1066461, encodeId=d19f106646171, content=一点味道, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3c512755327, createdName=wwr5636, createdTime=Wed Nov 03 06:55:50 CST 2021, time=2021-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2021-11-03 lishuns

    。。。。

    0

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    2021-11-03 wwr5636

    一点味道

    0

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