PLoS Genet:新型环状磷酸RNA分子或在机体衰老过程中扮演关键角色

2019-12-05 佚名 细胞

从指甲到眉毛,基因组是机体所有部分的“总体规划”,但并不仅仅是蓝图决定建造什么,所有根据蓝图绘制指令的细胞成员都会在设计中加入自己的解释,而如今研究人员在不断发现新的成员;近日,一项刊登在国际杂志PLoS Genetics上的研究报告中,来自托马斯杰斐逊大学等机构的科学家们通过研究利用他们所开发的一种新型工具在细胞中发现了大量新的RNA亚型分子,其或许在机体衰老过程中扮演着关键角色。

从指甲到眉毛,基因组是机体所有部分的“总体规划”,但并不仅仅是蓝图决定建造什么,所有根据蓝图绘制指令的细胞成员都会在设计中加入自己的解释,而如今研究人员在不断发现新的成员;近日,一项刊登在国际杂志PLoS Genetics上的研究报告中,来自托马斯杰斐逊大学等机构的科学家们通过研究利用他们所开发的一种新型工具在细胞中发现了大量新的RNA亚型分子,其或许在机体衰老过程中扮演着关键角色。

研究者Yohei Kirino教授表示,目前很多研究都重点聚焦于microRNA分子,microRNA分子非常强大,因为其能沉默信使RNA分子的表达,从本质上转移由基因组所编码的特殊细胞元件的产生,这样研究人员就能用已经建立的方法来对其进行研究,然而研究者还想知道很难捕获的短链RNA到底在细胞中扮演着怎样的角色,于是本文中他们就对这一领域进行了研究。

研究者所研究的RNA亚型名为环状磷酸RNA(cP-RNA,cyclic-phosphate containing RNA),尽管研究人员知道这种不寻常的磷酸存在于RNA分子中,但他们认为这只是RNA消化过程中所产生的一种中间形式。当前通过放大并对分子进行测序来追踪RNA分子的方法往往不能捕捉到携带环状磷酸尾部的RNA分子。3年前,研究人员开发了一种靶向cP-RNA的系统,其能够对RNA分子进行放大和测序,利用这种方法,研究者就能对小鼠组织中存在的所有cP-RNA分子进行测序,这是该亚型RNA分子的首个完整测序分析数据。

研究者Megumi Shigematsu表示,实际存在的cP-RNA分子远比我们想象中要多,大量新型cP-RNA分子都产生自多种不同类型的细胞RNAs,比如转移RNAs、信使RNAs和核糖体RNAs,这就表明,环状磷酸基团或许参与了细胞中具有多种角色的RNA的功能之中。cP-RNA分子的水平非常高,比如,仅仅来自核糖体RNA的cP-RNA就比细胞中所有microRNA的总和多300倍,cP-RNAs存在于小鼠机体所有组织中,其会随着时间延续而发生改变,当小鼠机体衰老时cP-RNA的水平就会下降。研究者Kirino说道,对于这些分子,我们还有很多疑问,考虑到其丰富性,且在全身组织中都存在,而且会随着机体年龄的增长而发生数量上的变化,后期我们还需要更为深入的研究来探索。目前研究人员正在深入研究来阐明cP-RNAs分子在多种疾病发生过程中所扮演的关键角色,比如癌症、感染性疾病和哮喘症等。

原始出处:
Megumi Shigematsu, Keisuke Morichika, Takuya Kawamura, et al. Genome-wide identification of short 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate-containing RNAs and their regulation in aging, PLoS Genetics (2019). DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008469

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    2020-08-13 canlab
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    2020-04-06 cy0324