PNAS:重大进展!科学家首次识别视神经干细胞,或可治疗视力丧失!

2020-08-06 转化医学网 转化医学网

目前,超过300万美国人患有青光眼,并导致12万患者失明。青光眼是由视神经受损引起的疾病,这种神经损伤通常与眼内房水无法正常排出,导致眼内压力升高有关。随着时间的推移,患者的视觉盲点会逐渐扩大。

目前,超过300万美国人患有青光眼,并导致12万患者失明。青光眼是由视神经受损引起的疾病,这种神经损伤通常与眼内房水无法正常排出,导致眼内压力升高有关。随着时间的推移,患者的视觉盲点会逐渐扩大。
  近日,马里兰大学医学院(UMSOM)的研究人员首次在视神经区域中识别出干细胞,该区域的干细胞将信号从眼睛传递到大脑,并提出了一种新的理论,说明了为什么会患上青光眼,并为治疗这一疾病,提供了潜在的新疗法。

  该研究由马里兰大学医学院眼科和视觉科学系教授Steven Bernstein博士领导,并发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)上,题目为“The optic nerve lamina region is a neural progenitor cell niche”

  该研究的第一作者,Steven Bernstein博士说:“我们认为这些叫做神经干细胞(neural progenitor cell)的细胞,在出生时就存在于视神经组织中,并保持了数十年,这些细胞有助于滋养形成视神经的神经纤维。如果没有这些细胞,神经纤维可能会失去对压力的抵抗力,并开始恶化,导致视神经受损,最终可能引起青光眼。”
  Bernstein博士表示:“这是首次在视神经中发现神经干细胞。如果没有这些细胞,神经将无法自我修复,免受青光眼或其他疾病造成的损害。这可能导致永久性视力丧失和残疾。而神经干细胞的存在,为修复视神经损伤的新疗法打开了大门,这是非常令人振奋的消息。”
  在这项研究中,Bernstein博士及其团队检查了一种叫做视神经筛板(optic nerve lamina)的窄带组织。其宽度不到1毫米,位于眼球后部的感光视网膜组织和视神经之间。长长的神经细胞纤维从视网膜穿过视神经筛板,延伸到视神经。研究人员发现,筛板干细胞可能在神经纤维离开眼球后立即将其绝缘,从而支持了通往大脑的神经细胞之间的连接。
  视神经筛板壁龛(lamina niche)中的干细胞用生长因子浸润这些神经元的延伸,并帮助其形成绝缘鞘。研究人员通过使用抗体和转基因动物来确认这些干细胞的存在,这些动物识别了神经干细胞上的特定蛋白质标记。
  Bernstein博士说:“经过52次试验,我们成功地在培养基中培养了筛板干细胞,这是一个充满挑战的过程。” 期间,Bernstein博士和他的合作者需要确定生长因子和其他最有利于干细胞生长和复制的细胞培养条件。最终,研究小组发现干细胞可以被诱导分化为几种不同类型的神经细胞。这些包括神经元和神经胶质细胞,它们对于不同大脑区域的细胞修复和细胞置换很重要。
  对于影响视神经的眼部疾病,这一发现可能会改变治疗策略。Bernstein博士及其研究小组计划使用转基因小鼠,来观察筛板干细胞的耗竭如何导致青光眼等疾病的发生,并阻止细胞修复的。
  Bernstein博士补充说:“未来还需要进一步的研究来探索神经干细胞的修复机制。如果我们能够识别出这些细胞分泌的关键生长因子,它们可能会作为鸡尾酒疗法来延缓青光眼和其他与年龄相关的视力障碍的进展。”
  马里兰大学巴尔的摩分校医学事务执行副总裁E. Albert Reece博士、马里兰大学医学院院长John Z.和Akiko K. Bowers教授表示:“这一令人振奋的发现可能会给年龄有关的视力疾病领域带来巨大的变化。数百万青光眼患者迫切需要新的治疗方法,我们认为这项研究将为他们提供新的希望。”
  参考:

【1】S. L. Bernstein et al, The optic nerve lamina region is a neural progenitor cell niche, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2020). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001858117

【2】<https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-07-stem-cells-optic-nerve-enable.html>

【3】<https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/07/27/2001858117>

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    2021-03-19 gj0740
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    2020-08-28 drwjr
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    2020-08-09 独孤立克

    干细胞是热点,但是进入临床仍然需要时间和临床疗效验证哦

    0

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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1667003, encodeId=4ee6166e00375, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5fda90e061e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视神经#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90706, encryptionId=5fda90e061e, topicName=视神经)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=14db26078051, createdName=gj0740, createdTime=Fri Mar 19 01:56:21 CST 2021, time=2021-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1814535, encodeId=024418145352e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f72795e80d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重大进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95780, encryptionId=f72795e80d0, topicName=重大进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Wed May 12 17:56:21 CST 2021, time=2021-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1856419, encodeId=af07185641903, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Fri Aug 28 21:56:21 CST 2020, time=2020-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1025488, encodeId=c46810254883e, content=干细胞是热点,但是进入临床仍然需要时间和临床疗效验证哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=独孤立克, createdTime=Sun Aug 09 11:56:21 CST 2020, time=2020-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1573667, encodeId=c4ee15e366752, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0a52e42768a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经干细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74276, encryptionId=0a52e42768a, topicName=神经干细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bc7215920711, createdName=bsmagic9137, createdTime=Sat Aug 08 02:56:21 CST 2020, time=2020-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1600758, encodeId=cc8e1600e5852, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=57fd9066930' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视力丧失#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90669, encryptionId=57fd9066930, topicName=视力丧失)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d71518802846, createdName=shanyongle, createdTime=Sat Aug 08 02:56:21 CST 2020, time=2020-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=806542, encodeId=29728065420d, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=43be5402548, createdName=ms4000000062793346, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 14:41:18 CST 2020, time=2020-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1667003, encodeId=4ee6166e00375, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5fda90e061e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视神经#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90706, encryptionId=5fda90e061e, topicName=视神经)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=14db26078051, createdName=gj0740, createdTime=Fri Mar 19 01:56:21 CST 2021, time=2021-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1814535, encodeId=024418145352e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f72795e80d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重大进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=95780, encryptionId=f72795e80d0, topicName=重大进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Wed May 12 17:56:21 CST 2021, time=2021-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1856419, encodeId=af07185641903, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Fri Aug 28 21:56:21 CST 2020, time=2020-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1025488, encodeId=c46810254883e, content=干细胞是热点,但是进入临床仍然需要时间和临床疗效验证哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=独孤立克, createdTime=Sun Aug 09 11:56:21 CST 2020, time=2020-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1573667, encodeId=c4ee15e366752, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0a52e42768a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经干细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74276, encryptionId=0a52e42768a, topicName=神经干细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bc7215920711, createdName=bsmagic9137, createdTime=Sat Aug 08 02:56:21 CST 2020, time=2020-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1600758, encodeId=cc8e1600e5852, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=57fd9066930' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视力丧失#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90669, encryptionId=57fd9066930, topicName=视力丧失)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d71518802846, createdName=shanyongle, createdTime=Sat Aug 08 02:56:21 CST 2020, time=2020-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=806542, encodeId=29728065420d, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=43be5402548, createdName=ms4000000062793346, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 14:41:18 CST 2020, time=2020-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-06 ms4000000062793346

    学习

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