来自毒品的药品有望上市:大麻二酚第二个罕见癫痫病显示疗效

2016-06-28 佚名 美中药源

GW Pharma宣布其大麻二酚(CBD)液体制剂Epidiolex在一个叫做Lennox-Gastaut症(LGS)的罕见儿童病的三期临床试验中显示积极疗效。在这个171人参与的试验中,Epidiolex降低44%每月癫痫发病。而安慰剂只降低22%。这些病人中值年龄15岁,平均使用三种抗癫痫药物。86%的患者使用Epidiolex出现不良反应,但安慰组也有69%的患者出现不良反应。另一个22

GW Pharma宣布其大麻二酚(CBD)液体制剂Epidiolex在一个叫做Lennox-Gastaut症(LGS)的罕见儿童病的三期临床试验中显示积极疗效。在这个171人参与的试验中,Epidiolex降低44%每月癫痫发病。而安慰剂只降低22%。这些病人中值年龄15岁,平均使用三种抗癫痫药物。86%的患者使用Epidiolex出现不良反应,但安慰组也有69%的患者出现不良反应。另一个225人的LGS三期临床也将在今年完成。今年三月Epidiolex在另一个罕见癫痫病Dravet综合症比安慰剂多降低26%每月发病次数。Epidiolex准备明年申请上市。

CBD是大麻上百种活性成分中的一个主要成分,但据说并没有另一个主要成分四氢大麻二酚(THC)的愉悦、至幻作用,所以滥用风险较低。甚至有临床前研究显示CBD可以治疗吗啡成瘾。CBD和CB1、CB2受体结合程度都远低于THC,但在多个动物模型中显示抗癫痫疗效。和其它大麻活性组分类似,CBD高度脂溶,结构中只有两个酚羟基是杂原子,其它都是碳和氢。CBD水溶性很差,酚羟基也代谢不稳定,所以合适剂型是CBD成功的前提。因为大麻作为毒品多是吸食,不知吸入式Epidiolex疗效如何。

很多药物如吗啡、K粉都有滥用副作用,但如果Epidiolex上市将是第一个从毒品中找到FDA批准药物的例子。GW还销售另一个大麻衍生药物Sativex,但这个药物没有在美国上市。癫痫是个相对高发中枢疾病,虽然有几十种药物,但仍有20-30%患者无法控制。奥巴马原来首席战略顾问David Axelrod的女儿就有一种严重的癫痫病。前几年波士顿环球报有一关于Axelrod女儿病情的专访,显示政治铁汉的柔情一面。

近些年中枢药物研发进展缓慢,动物模型可靠性差是个关键瓶颈。癫痫模型相对成熟,这是Epidiolex成功的一个基本保证,因为癫痫和Epidiolex的分子机理都还不清楚。中枢系统高度复杂,拔出萝卜带出泥,正负作用通常难以有效区分开,选择未满足需求更高的罕见病应该说是明智的策略。LGS和Dravet综合症虽然算是两个适应症,但二者有很多相似之处,可以相互支持,也增加上市成功率。

到目前为止今年GW的股票已上扬50%。

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    2016-06-30 kcb069
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    2016-06-30 syscxl

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