典型“笔杆征”:肠系膜上动脉压迫综合征

2022-09-15 医学影像服务中心 医学影像服务中心

肠系膜上动脉压迫综合征:突出的特点为症状与体位有关,仰卧位时由于向后压迫症状加重,而俯卧位,膝胸位,左侧位时可使症状缓解。

肠系膜上动脉压迫综合征又称Wilke综合征及十二指肠淤滞症,较为少见,多发于瘦长体型者,女性多于男性。临床上突发症状是长期发作的餐后上腹部慢性绞样疼痛,有时也有急性发作伴上腹部饱胀、不适、隐痛、嗳气、恶心、呕吐。呕吐常发生在餐后、2~3小时或夜间。病人进餐后站立位、坐位易呕吐,俯卧位或左侧卧位可使症状减轻或消失。

本病突出的特点为症状与体位有关,仰卧位时由于向后压迫症状加重,而俯卧位,膝胸位,左侧位时可使症状缓解。

肠道X线造影:在缓解期多无异常发现,在发作期可见十二指肠压迫征象,于第三段的(水平端)中心处呈纵形刀样阻断或呈瀑布状下落,钡剂通过缓慢,可在十二指肠停留6小时以上,近端有肠管扩张,并与体位改变有关,20%可伴有胃扩张。

声像图典型特征为:腹主动脉、肠系膜上动脉之间夹角变小,一般<20°(正常人腹主动脉与肠系膜上动脉之间夹角为40°~60°)。既往该病的诊断主要依赖X线检查,近年来随着超声诊断领域的不断拓展以及超声技术人员对血管超声认识的提高,使本病在超声检查中得以首先发现,对诊断本病有很大帮助,直观显示血管之间关系,而以往本病主要靠X线钡餐检查诊断。

显示血管压迫的继发改变:胃十二指肠扩张,十二指肠内见到频繁的蠕动和逆蠕动,而引起十二指肠淤带症还可以有其他原因(如腹腔内肠系膜粘连等)。超声能从另一角度提供诊断信息,简便快捷,直接针对本病。超声检查结合X线检查,互补长短,可确定诊断本病。

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