Nature:灵长类的胚胎干细胞多能性更胜一筹

2016-12-29 生物探索 生物探索

导读 近期在线发表在Nature上的一篇研究文章展示了干细胞多能性在小鼠、猴子和人类的不同,表明某些灵长类干细胞的多能性要优于一些来源于小鼠的类型,第一次说明了灵长类干细胞发育的对应产物。新的研究表明,某些灵长类干细胞的多能性要优于一些来源于小鼠的类型。此项相关研究近期在线发表在Nature上,展示了干细胞多能性在小鼠、猴子和人类的不同,第一次说明了灵长类干细胞发育的对应产物。通讯作者Mitino

导读 近期在线发表在Nature上的一篇研究文章展示了干细胞多能性在小鼠、猴子和人类的不同,表明某些灵长类干细胞的多能性要优于一些来源于小鼠的类型,第一次说明了灵长类干细胞发育的对应产物。


新的研究表明,某些灵长类干细胞的多能性要优于一些来源于小鼠的类型。此项相关研究近期在线发表在Nature上,展示了干细胞多能性在小鼠、猴子和人类的不同,第一次说明了灵长类干细胞发育的对应产物。

通讯作者Mitinori Saitou说:“我们鉴定了一系列对预测人和猴子的多能干细胞的性能有用的基因,为利用人类细胞进行研究开发新领域。”

对灵长类胚胎干细胞发育了解的必要性

人们只了解来自于啮齿类早期胚胎的干细胞具有最大的多能性,导致其分化成各种类型的细胞。Saitou说:“胚胎着床前的小鼠胚胎干细胞可分化为所有三个胚层和生殖细胞。从着床后的胚胎细胞不是那么灵活了。而大家知道着床前的人类细胞可以分化成每一个胚层,但在实验室里并不恒定。分化成生殖细胞是我们目前正在研究的(2013年他们实验室成功地用小鼠的皮肤细胞,在体外培育了原始生殖细胞。相关文章发表在Science上。),但人类干细胞如何对应多能性谱系还是不明确的。”

第一作者Tomonori Nakamura补充说:“在哺乳动物中胚胎发育机制有很大的不同。但由于技术的便利性,哺乳动物发育的研究几乎完全依赖于小鼠细胞。为了更好地利用人类多能性干细胞,了解在哪一个胚胎阶段,胚胎干细胞和诱导多能性干细胞在多能性上最为相似是个关键。”

基因表达谱分析食蟹猴胚胎着床前后变化

外胚叶是哺乳动物中所有体细胞和生殖细胞的起源,在体外可以培养成多能性干细胞。然而哺乳动物的发育机制,包括外胚叶的发育在不同种属之间是不一样的。为了探索人类和灵长类动物的个体发育的全能型,京都大学的研究小组对食蟹猴着床前后的外胚叶发育进行了分析,这些猴子是人类的近亲。为了对在食蟹猴胚胎发育过程中表达的基因进行全面分析,研究人员开发出一种可以检测到少量的基因转录的新技术,比如来自一个单细胞的转录本。利用这种检测方法,研究小组鉴定了猴子胚胎发育的基因集合。

他们将猴子的胚胎干细胞和人的诱导多能性干细胞中这些基因如何表达的进行了比较,在猴胚胎着床后一周观察到了相似的模式。Nakamura解释说:“我们发现基因表达谱在着床前后变化得最快,保持了一组独特的多能性基因和获得了神经元分化的特性。另外一个发现是猴子的胚胎保持多能性比小鼠在着床后至少多一个星期。这些加在一起意味着灵长类动物的胚胎干细胞像猴子胚胎那样在着床后一周保持相同的多能性。”


鼠(Mus musculus)、猴(Macaca fascicularis)和人(Homo sapiens)的胚胎干细胞多能性发育谱系示意图

Saitou说:“从学术的角度来看,我们的研究填补了人类胚胎发育和哺乳动物发育进化差异上的一个巨大知识空缺。在应用方面,这将有助于了解着床后的不育不孕是如何发生的,以及如何保持多样性和更精确地调控诱导分化。”

原始出处:

Tomonori Nakamura,et al. A developmental coordinate of pluripotency among mice, monkeys and humans. Nature.24 August 2016.

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    2017-10-21 liye789132251
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    2017-07-06 lg.zhao
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    2016-12-31 ailian1202
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