Nature Medicine:纤维化病变的治疗策略

2015-02-09 佚名 生物谷

在组织受到损伤(比如外伤)的情况下,间质细胞(Mesenchymal)通过分泌胞外基质(extracellular matrix)促进组织修复。这一过程受到TGF-b调节。正常情况下,TGF-b的信号会随着组织的慢慢修复而逐渐下调,最终使间质细胞分泌基质的能力下调到正常水平。而在组织病变的情况下,局部TGF-b的表达量如果始终维持较高的水平,就会不断诱导间质细胞分泌大量的胞外基质,最终造成组织

在组织受到损伤(比如外伤)的情况下,间质细胞(Mesenchymal)通过分泌胞外基质(extracellular matrix)促进组织修复。这一过程受到TGF-b调节。正常情况下,TGF-b的信号会随着组织的慢慢修复而逐渐下调,最终使间质细胞分泌基质的能力下调到正常水平。而在组织病变的情况下,局部TGF-b的表达量如果始终维持较高的水平,就会不断诱导间质细胞分泌大量的胞外基质,最终造成组织器官的纤维化。临床上纤维化也是组织器官病变的主要形式之一,比如常见的肝硬化,肺纤维化等等。在最新的一项研究中,来自德国Erlangen-Nuremberg大学的Jörg H W Distler研究组发现了一种孤儿核受体- NR4A1在负向调节TGF-B信号传递过程中的作用,相关研究成果发表在最近一期的《Nature Medicine》杂志上。

TGF-b上调NR4A1的表达。首先,作者比较了健康人与患有系统性纤维化(systemic sclerosis)的患者病变样本中的NR4A1表达量的差异。结果显示,患者的样本中NR4A1的表达量要高于正常样本。随后,作者人为地利用TGF-b刺激人皮肤成纤维细胞,结果显示,短时间的TGF-b刺激能够明显上调NR4A1的表达量。另外,组成型过表达TGF-b受体的小鼠平均NR4A1的表达量要高于对照组小鼠。随后,作者利用RNAi的技术证明了TGF-b引起NR4A1的表达是依赖于其经典的信号通路(TGF-b,SMAD,SP-1),免疫共沉淀实验也证实了TGF-b能够促进SMAD3&4与SP1的结合,随后的染色质免疫共沉淀(CHIP)实验证明活化后的SP1结合在NR4A1启动子区域,暗示了这一活化的结果导致了NR4A1的表达。

NR4A1的缺失突变使纤维化症状加重。之后,作者培育了过表达TGFbR,同时缺失NR4A1的小鼠,发现这一类小鼠相比较单突变小鼠以及野生小鼠,其TGF-b靶基因发生了明显的上调,同时其胶原蛋白也有明显的过量分泌。病理学检测发现这一类小鼠产生更为严重的纤维化症状。

NR4A1与SP1特异性结合抑制其转录调控活性。之后,作者通过体外TGF-b刺激NR4A1突变小鼠与野生小鼠的成纤维细胞,发现NR4A1的缺失增强了TGF-b的信号;另外过表达NR4A1能够抑制这一信号。为了研究NR4A1的分子机制,作者通过生化实验发现:在TGF-b的刺激下,NR4A1能够与转录因子SP1结合,同时这一结合能够抑制SMAD3&SMAD4与SP1的正常作用。进一步的生化分析鉴定出了一系列参与到NR4A1反向抑制SP1的过程中的分子伴侣。

纤维化病变进程中c的作用方式。那么在纤维化疾病中,NR4A1的调控方式又是怎样的形式呢?作者发现在体外对正常成纤维细胞进行长期的TGF-b刺激,将会导致NR4A1的快速上调与缓慢下调。这一下调会导致TGF-b的效应不再能得到控制。而这一“脱敏”的分子机制依赖于组蛋白去乙酰化酶的“表观沉默”作用使得NR4A1表达量下降以及AKT调节的磷酸化导致的NR4A1本身失活。

治疗纤维化的药物开发。Csn-B是一类NR4A1的类似物,它可以促进NR4A1的转录以及抑制NR4A1的磷酸化。虽然目前具体的作用机制还不清楚,但是Csn-B被认为是一类有前景的治疗纤维化的候选药物。

原始出处

Palumbo-Zerr K1, Zerr P1, Distler A1, Fliehr J1, Mancuso R1, Huang J1, Mielenz D2, Tomcik M3, Fürnrohr BG4, Scholtysek C1, Dees C1, Beyer C1, Krönke G1, Metzger D5, Distler O6, Schett G1, Distler JH1.Orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 regulates transforming growth factor-β signaling and fibrosis.Nat Med. 2015 Feb

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    2015-08-24 liye789132251
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    2015-12-03 jeanqiuqiu
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    2015-04-15 kalseyzl
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    2015-02-16 windmilL1989

    已阅

    0

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