CTS全国呼吸病学学术会议:李为民教授:如果将非吸烟肺癌看做一种独立的疾病,它将是全球第七大癌症杀手

2017-09-25 杨凤立 呼吸界

在中华医学会呼吸病学年会-2017第十八次全国呼吸病学学术会议上,四川大学华西医院的李为民教授在肺癌学组做了《中国人群非吸烟肺癌研究进展》的报告,对非吸烟肺癌的临床病理特征、分子基因特征等进行了总结。他指出,如果将非吸烟肺癌看做一种独立的疾病,它将是全球第七大癌症杀手。

在中华医学会呼吸病学年会-2017第十八次全国呼吸病学学术会议上,四川大学华西医院的李为民教授在肺癌学组做了《中国人群非吸烟肺癌研究进展》的报告,对非吸烟肺癌临床病理特征、分子基因特征等进行了总结。他指出,如果将非吸烟肺癌看做一种独立的疾病,它将是全球第七大癌症杀手。

非吸烟肺癌的临床病理特征

李为民教授指出,对比非吸烟肺癌和吸烟肺癌的临床病理特征,发现非吸烟肺癌的患者以女性为主,吸烟肺癌以男性为主;非吸烟肺癌的病理类型以腺癌居多,吸烟肺癌中鳞癌较多;分期来看,非吸烟肺癌晚期多,吸烟肺癌则是早中期多;非吸烟肺癌远处转移比较常见,吸烟肺癌则比较少见;从家族史来看,非吸烟肺癌比较常见,吸烟肺癌则比较少见。

而四川大学华西医院呼吸内科对低龄肺癌患者临床病理特征分析来看,在分期上80%属于III期或IV期;而无吸烟史的占74%。

非吸烟者发生肺癌的危险因素

李为民教授总结,非吸烟者发生肺癌的危险因素包括职业因素(如石棉、砷等)、大气污染(PM2.5等)、室内空气污染(如烹调油烟,尤其在农村通风不好的厨房里)、二手烟、遗传易感性以及既往肺部疾病(如慢阻肺,肺结核等)。对遗传易感性的研究发现,肺癌患者的一级亲属患肺癌或其他肿瘤的危险性增加2到3倍。来自华西医院的一项家族性肺癌研究证实,PROM1,CRTC2两个新基因与散发非小细胞肺癌发病可能相关,且该突变在健康对照人群中未发现。而一项对亚洲非吸烟女性的肺癌易感性全基因组关联研究发现,3个新的遗传易感性位点——10q25.2、6q22.2及6p21.32,上述位点可能是该特殊群体特有的遗传病因。

非吸烟肺癌的分子基因特征

李为民教授指出,非吸烟肺癌的体细胞突变负荷较吸烟肺癌小。从体细胞突变发生频率和体细胞单核苷酸替换发生频率来看,非吸烟肺癌均小于吸烟肺癌。非吸烟肺癌的碱基替换模式也与吸烟肺癌不同:非吸烟者以C>T为主,而吸烟者以C>A为主。

中国人群中,非吸烟肺腺癌与吸烟肺腺癌的驱动基因变异不同:非吸烟肺腺癌中,绝大多数为EGFR突变和ALK重排;吸烟肺腺癌中,主要包括EGF4突变和KRAS突变。中国人群中,非吸烟肺鳞癌与吸烟肺鳞癌的驱动基因变异也有所不同,非吸烟肺鳞癌中,仅仅10.6%的患者检出已知的驱动基因变异(EGFR、PIK3CA);吸烟肺鳞癌中,主要包括FGFR、PTEN和PIK3CA等。

华西医院开展了对低龄非吸烟肺腺癌患者的全基因组图谱研究,发现了新的ALK和RET变异体(SMG6-ALK和JMJD1C-RET)。并且发现EML4-ALK的发生频率高达16.7%,进一步扩大样本量验证,显示小于45岁肺腺癌患者中EML4-ALK的阳性率显着高于对照组,且与吸烟状态无关。这个研究的意义在于发现EML4-ALK是低龄肺癌的高频驱动基因变异。此外,还发现,近67%的患者携带潜在的胚系致癌基因变异,这可能是起病早的一个病因。

流行病学资料显示,全世界约有四分之一的肺癌患者一生吸烟的数量未超过100支。在亚洲,有30%到40%的肺癌患者从不吸烟。研究也已发现,非吸烟肺癌具有特殊的临床病理特征及分子基因特征。李为民教授指出,如果将非吸烟肺癌看做一种独立的疾病,它将是全球第七大癌症杀手。

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    2017-10-01 1771ae4158m

    学习一下很不错

    0

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    2017-09-27 docwu2019