Immunity:抗真菌感染的天然免疫信号新发现

2015-10-23 佚名 生物谷

  CARD9蛋白是天然免疫系统中C-type lectin 受体下游的结合蛋白,负责传递上游受体识别特定物质后产生的信号。C-type lectin 受体主要包括dectin-1,dectin-2等,它们主要识别真菌或细菌细胞壁的组分。C-type lectin 受体激活后会介导胞内的免疫信号,最终诱导NF-kB的激活与炎性因子的释放。   最初时CARD9蛋白被发

 
CARD9蛋白是天然免疫系统中C-type lectin 受体下游的结合蛋白,负责传递上游受体识别特定物质后产生的信号。C-type lectin 受体主要包括dectin-1,dectin-2等,它们主要识别真菌或细菌细胞壁的组分。C-type lectin 受体激活后会介导胞内的免疫信号,最终诱导NF-kB的激活与炎性因子的释放。
 
最初时CARD9蛋白被发现与自身免疫病[比如IBD(immune bowel disease),强直性脊柱炎等等] 有关,CARD9蛋白相关基因突变的患者中也观察到严重的真菌感染。后续的研究发现CARD9蛋白位于C-type lectin受体下游,以Dectin-1为例,当Dectin-1受到其配体b-glucans激活后,引发dectin-1的磷酸化,从而导致下游激酶syk的磷酸化与激活,syk能够进一步激活PKCδ,而激活后的PKCδ将CARD9蛋白231位的苏氨酸磷酸化。激活后的CARD9能够与另外两个蛋白:BCL10,MALT1结合形成三元复合体,从而激活NF-kB信号。
 
那么除此之外CARD9还有没有其它的作用呢?从氨基酸组成角度分析,我们知道CARD9蛋白N端有一个CARD结构域,而其C端氨基酸序列的定性与功能还不清楚。在最近的一项研究中,来自哈佛医学院的Ramnik J. Xav研究组发现了CARD9蛋白 C端在天然免疫调控过程中的作用,相关结果发表在最近一期的Immunity杂志上。
 
首先,作者们在人群中寻找并收集到了多种天然的CARD9蛋白突变类型,通过比较发现,这些天然的突变体大多集中在CARD9的C端。之前已知的一类CARD9突变(S12N)能够导致患者更加容易患IBD,而其C端缺失之后(△11),无论是否存在上述突变,患者对IBD的抵抗性均明显提高。这一结果说明CARD9蛋白的C端在天然免疫信号传导中具有重要的作用。
 
为了进一步研究C端的缺失是如何引发上述保护效应的,作者们将两类不同的CARD9突变(S12N,S12N△11)转入CARD9-/-的小鼠骨髓树突状细胞中。通过DECTIN等受体的特异性刺激,观察下游炎性因子的释放。结果显示:在S12N存在的情况下,特异性的刺激能够引发强烈的炎性因子的释放(TNF-a,IL-6),而当转入S12N△11后,刺激状态下TNF-a,IL-6的释放受到了明显的抑制。这一结果肯定了CARD9 C端对免疫信号传递的作用。另外,作者将C端缺失的CARD9突变体转入野生型的人源单核细胞系THP-1以及原代单核细胞中,结果显示,这一突变体能够竞争性地抑制内源CARD9的活性,从而抑制炎性因子的释放。
 
那么CARD9的C端到底扮演了什么样的角色呢?通过亲和层析与质谱技术,作者们鉴定出了特异性与CARD9 C端相互作用的蛋白TRIM62。这一发现得到了后续生化与显微成像技术的验证。接下来,作者研究了上述蛋白质的相互作用的生物学效应。由于TRIM62蛋白能够特异性的将靶蛋白进行泛素化修饰,作者对此进行了检测。结果发现:TRIM62可以催化CARD9蛋白K27位的泛素化修饰,而不能催化C端缺失突变的泛素化修饰。
 
之后,作者希望了解他们发现的泛素化修饰是否决定了CARD 9的生物学功能。通过构建CARD 127位的赖氨酸突变体(即将TRIM62介导的泛素化的关键位点进行突变),发现该突变体也不能被成功泛素化。同时也不能介导炎性因子的释放。
 
最终,作者比较了野生型小鼠与TRIM62-/-小鼠在白色念珠菌感染过程中的反应差异。结果显示,突变体小鼠对抗真菌的免疫反应受到了严重的破坏,真菌感染能力大幅增强。
 
综上,作者发现了CARD9蛋白在真菌感染中的特殊作用,并鉴定出了TRAM62的相关作用。

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    2016-08-06 amy0563
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2030303, encodeId=158f203030341, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=25079e7287' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Immunity#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9772, encryptionId=25079e7287, topicName=Immunity)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/C4Qhy5XHSe503Qbjzc1UtDR83BCv66o6P2XRedX9ohsNGa3uEVicFFk2qkuX5zBSmpicepFySBrwoYknhqMdKmtw/132, createdBy=1aca2500179, createdName=12498d2fm51(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Jun 15 02:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1921120, encodeId=ebcd19211200b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6bfa58133ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58133, encryptionId=6bfa58133ef, topicName=新发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=644e456, createdName=vera_1203, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 22:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1775729, encodeId=64e41e75729f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=19e45556efa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗真菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55567, encryptionId=19e45556efa, topicName=抗真菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=596c38798743, createdName=amy0563, createdTime=Sat Aug 06 07:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41263, encodeId=f7094126389, content=好呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150904/IMG55E8DB68F05883098.jpg, createdBy=e00a1631985, createdName=fengzhigu, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 23:49:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1353686, encodeId=2ab4135368649, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dddce266537' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#真菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72665, encryptionId=dddce266537, topicName=真菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 00:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1360323, encodeId=ec881360323b7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ec0fe2676d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#真菌感染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72676, encryptionId=ec0fe2676d0, topicName=真菌感染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c77e138, createdName=kalseyzl, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 00:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481269, encodeId=989f14812690f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c5534414ee6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#天然免疫#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44147, encryptionId=c5534414ee6, topicName=天然免疫)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=仁心济世, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 00:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-25 fengzhigu

    好呀

    0

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    2015-10-25 zhaojie88
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