Cell Host & Microbe:具核梭杆菌可能是结直肠癌的重要致病菌

2013-08-23 MedSci MedSci原创

  具核梭杆菌(F. nucleatum)是一种革兰氏阴性口腔共生菌,但它有潜力致病,有时会引起牙周病。2011年10月,来自加拿大BC癌 症研究所和Broad研究所的两个研究小组,证实这种细菌也存在于肠道中,且其在肠道中的丰度与结直肠癌相关。现在,两项新研究提供了功能证据,可帮助解 释具核梭杆菌是如何推动癌症形成的。   在发表于8月13日Cell Host&nbs

  具核梭杆菌(F. nucleatum)是一种革兰氏阴性口腔共生菌,但它有潜力致病,有时会引起牙周病。2011年10月,来自加拿大BC癌 症研究所和Broad研究所的两个研究小组,证实这种细菌也存在于肠道中,且其在肠道中的丰度与结直肠癌相关。现在,两项新研究提供了功能证据,可帮助解 释具核梭杆菌是如何推动癌症形成的。

  在发表于8月13日Cell Host & Microbe杂志上的两篇论文中,分别由哈佛医学院Aleksandar Kostic和凯斯西储大学Mara Roxana Rubinstein领导的研究小组利用肠肿瘤形成小鼠模型和人类结肠癌细胞,证实具核梭杆菌诱导了促炎症反应和致癌活动,促进了结直肠癌生长。

  Robert Holt(未参与新研究)领导研究小组在2011年发现了肠道具核梭杆菌与结直肠癌之间的关系(见报道:梭杆菌与结直肠癌存在神秘关联)。他表示:“不进行功能研究,通常不可能推断出它们是否是致病性或条件致病性微生物。几乎总是要先观测微生物与一种特定病状之间的关系,才能确定疾病的传染源。而了解因果关系需要不断累积 实验和流行病学证据。今天报道的研究就是如此。”

  华盛顿大学医学院的Gautam Dantas(未参与该研究)一致认为,新研究工作帮助区分了原因和结果。“在患病个体内观察到的改变的微生物组状态是疾病的原因还是症状?今天发表的两篇论文报道了重大的进展,鉴别了人类共生菌——具核梭杆菌促进大肠癌的机制。”

  哈佛医学院研究共同作者、肿瘤学家Wendy Garrett说,在肿瘤微环境中具核梭杆菌与免疫细胞之间的相互作用最终导致了癌症。“当我们 喂给对肠肿瘤有遗传易感性的小鼠具核梭杆菌时,我们发现相比于对照组它们形成了更多数量且更具侵袭性的肿瘤。这非常的有趣,因为小鼠肿瘤具有与人类癌症相同的突变以及胃肠道癌前病变。”

Figure 2 Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Small and Large Intestinal Tumorigenesis and Is Enriched in Tumor Tissues of ApcMin/+ Mice

  在肠肿瘤形成小鼠模型中,具核梭杆菌似乎导致了某些与肿瘤相关的免疫细胞类型,可是却没有任何一种类型的免疫细胞帮助机体抑制了这样的恶性肿瘤。“我们发现喂给具核梭杆菌的小鼠,其肿瘤内的免疫细胞众所周知可促进肿瘤的生长和扩散。”Garrett说。

  同时,凯斯西储大学的Yiping Han和同事们将焦点放在了具核梭杆菌与肿瘤微环境的相互作用上,鉴别出了能够诱导炎症和肿瘤发生的细菌特 异细胞表面元件。这一称作为FadA的元件,结合结直肠癌细胞的E-cadherin,激活了细胞内的β-catenin信号,差异性调节了炎症和致癌反 应。

  研究人员还确定了FadA-E-cadherin结合位点,设计出了一种基于E-cadherin相同区域的合成肽。当他们给予人类结直肠癌细 胞这种合成肽时,发现它阻止了细胞生长,以及致癌和炎症反应。“这一合成肽大概阻断了具核梭杆菌的FadA与E-cadherin结合,关闭了所有的不良 反应,”Yiping Han说。

Figure 6 FadA Promotes E-Cadherin-Mediated CRC Tumor Growth and Induction of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Xenograft Mice

  研究人员说,他们的研究工作指出了FadA结合是结直肠癌的一个潜在的诊断特征,而E-cadherin的结合面则是潜在的治疗靶点,不过这仍然需开展大量的研究工作予以确证。

  首先,还需要进一步的研究工作充分确定具核梭杆菌在促癌中的作用。“众所周知,具核梭杆菌能够与其他的细菌高度相互作用,在结肠癌中它不大可能单独发挥作用。并且具核梭杆菌之间存在差异。一些菌株相比于另一些毒力更强,因此可能具有更强的致癌性,”Holt说。

  Yiping Han指出具核梭杆菌不太可能成为治疗结直肠癌的银弹。“我们已经超越了‘一种细菌,一种疾病’的阶段。我认为我们仍然要寻找在这些疾病中起关键作用的重要病原体,但除了微生物组研究,机制研究也非常的重要,”她说。

  Garrett说:“几乎每个人口腔中都有具核梭杆菌,值得庆幸的是并不是每个人都会得结肠癌。我们需要细微地了解具核梭杆菌在导致结肠癌形成中所起的作用及机制。”

原始出处:

Kostic AD, Chun E, Robertson L, Glickman JN, Gallini CA, Michaud M, Clancy TE, Chung DC, Lochhead P, Hold GL, El-Omar EM, Brenner D, Fuchs CS, Meyerson M, Garrett WS.Fusobacterium nucleatum Potentiates Intestinal Tumorigenesis and Modulates the Tumor-Immune Microenvironment.Cell Host Microbe. 2013 Aug 14;14(2):207-15.

(下载原文:Fusobacterium nucleatum Potentiates Intestinal Tumorigenesis and Modulates the Tumor-Immune Microenvironment.pdf)

Rubinstein MR, Wang X, Liu W, Hao Y, Cai G, Han YW.Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Colorectal Carcinogenesis by Modulating E-Cadherin/β-Catenin Signaling via its FadA Adhesin.Cell Host Microbe. 2013 Aug 14;14(2):195-206.

(下载原文:Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Colorectal Carcinogenesis by Modulating E-Cadherin β-Catenin Signaling via its FadA Adhesin.pdf)

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    2014-07-26 维他命
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    2013-09-06 bioon1
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1868675, encodeId=d1f718686e50b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Tue Mar 11 05:02:00 CST 2014, time=2014-03-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1958913, encodeId=cb761958913d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sat Jul 26 18:02:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1857304, encodeId=5de9185e30463, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f48525849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5258, encryptionId=3f48525849, topicName=CRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c30265, createdName=jiafufeng@yaho, createdTime=Mon Jul 21 08:02:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1975759, encodeId=a4b919e5759aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6cf1624888e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#梭杆菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62488, encryptionId=6cf1624888e, topicName=梭杆菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=bioon1, createdTime=Fri Sep 06 12:02:00 CST 2013, time=2013-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084086, encodeId=05e2208408620, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f411e013b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Micro#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11701, encryptionId=61f411e013b, topicName=Micro)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Sun Sep 08 12:02:00 CST 2013, time=2013-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1452640, encodeId=a1af145264067, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=098ee8679ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#结直肠#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78679, encryptionId=098ee8679ad, topicName=结直肠)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9ace5575596, createdName=crystal0564, createdTime=Sun Aug 25 00:02:00 CST 2013, time=2013-08-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1626178, encodeId=0b4016261e846, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c11d864884d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致病菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86488, encryptionId=c11d864884d, topicName=致病菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=32d320995014, createdName=cooco, createdTime=Sun Aug 25 00:02:00 CST 2013, time=2013-08-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2013-09-08 xjy02
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    2013-08-25 cooco

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梭杆菌与结直肠癌存在神秘关联

 12月19日,美国《时代》周刊盘点2011年医学十大突破,其中,10月发表于《基因组研究》(Genome Research)的两项研究显示细菌与结肠癌之间存在神秘关联。一种名为“梭杆菌”的细菌平常很少出现在正常的人体肠道内,当科学家们将健康的结肠组织与癌变组织进行对比时注意到:这种细菌明显地集中并活跃于癌变组织中,在一部分样本中,这种差异甚至达到了上百倍。于是,人们首次开始思考:肠道菌