Nat Commun:科学家发现“线粒体炫”调控神经元突触水平的长时程记忆

2017-06-29 佚名 中国生物技术网

为什么有的记忆能铭刻一生而有的只能存在几分钟?短期的记忆如何转变为长期的记忆?近日,中国科学技术大学生命科学学院毕国强课题组与北京大学分子医学研究所程和平课题组合作,发现神经元树突“线粒体炫信号”在神经突触传递短时程记忆向长时程记忆的转化中可能发挥着关键作用,相关成果于6月26日在《自然-通讯》(Nature Communications)在线发表。

为什么有的记忆能铭刻一生而有的只能存在几分钟?短期的记忆如何转变为长期的记忆?近日,中国科学技术大学生命科学学院毕国强课题组与北京大学分子医学研究所程和平课题组合作,发现神经元树突“线粒体炫信号”在神经突触传递短时程记忆向长时程记忆的转化中可能发挥着关键作用,相关成果于6月26日在《自然-通讯》(Nature Communications)在线发表。

线粒体炫是程和平课题组于2008年首次报道的单个线粒体的量子化信号,它含有线粒体活性氧激增、基质瞬时碱化、膜电位瞬时下降等多重变化,时程为数十秒,是新形式的线粒体基本功能事件。线粒体炫广泛存在于多个物种及多种细胞,只要有功能性线粒体就存在线粒体炫信号。线粒体炫的发生,既是一个耗能的过程,又存在对细胞产生氧化应激损伤的风险。多年来,程和平-王显花课题组一直在苦苦探寻线粒体炫为什么普遍存在的生物学解释。

突触可塑性是学习记忆的神经基础。在不同类型的神经活动的调控下,短时程的突触可塑性只能持续几秒到几分钟,而长时程的突触可塑性可维持数十分钟到数小时甚至更长。联合课题组猜测,线粒体炫可能参与突触可塑性的某种信号转导过程。为此,研究者选取学习记忆的经典细胞模型——大鼠的海马神经元为研究对象,发展了长时程线粒体炫连续成像以及双光子飞秒脉冲激活线粒体炫等新技术。他们惊喜发现,化学及电刺激方法诱发突触的长时程增强总是伴有突触附近一个或多个线粒体炫信号;人为激活线粒体炫信号,则能够稳定其附近的突触增大,从而产生从短时程增强向长时程增强的转化;有意思的是线粒体炫对突触可塑性的有效调控有着确定的时间窗口(刺激后30分钟内有效)和空间范围(2微米以内有效),显示了线粒体炫调控突触可塑性机制的特异性与精确性。进一步研究发现,线粒体炫的发生依赖于神经活动钙信号及钙依赖性激酶,其所释放的活性氧信号可能是促进突触长时程增强的信号分子。

该工作首次报道了在突触可塑性过程中,线粒体炫作为数字化的生物信号在线粒体接收、整合、传递信号中的重要作用,其科学价值在于首次揭示树突线粒体和突触之间的双向信号传导机制。同时,为理解线粒体炫的生物学意义提供了一个范例,即局部、瞬时的活性氧爆发为“烧制”突触水平的长时程记忆,提供了一种可能的分子与亚细胞机制。

该文共同第一作者为合肥微尺度物质科学国家实验室博士生付忠孝和中国科大生命科学学院博士生谈笑,通讯作者为北京大学副研究员王显花、教授程和平和中国科大教授毕国强。该项目得到中科院先导专项、“973”计划以及国家自然科学基金的支持。

原始出处:
Fu, Z. X., et al. Dendritic mitoflash as a putative signal for stabilizing long-term synaptic plasticity.Nat Commun. 2017 Jun 26;8(1):31. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00043-3.

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    2018-02-08 liuli5079
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    2017-10-04 liye789132251
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    2017-06-29 lovetcm

    程和平当年发现了calcium spark,现在在mitoflash方面又有进展

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