Nat Chem Biol:解开结核病三十年的谜团

2012-04-02 mumu 生物谷

在三十年搜寻之后,一组抗肺结核化合物的随机筛选引导科学家到一个"尤里卡"发现,这个发现打破了保护细菌、允许细菌存活并持续对抗治疗的一个要塞。 美国科罗拉多州立大学的这两项发现发表在今天的Nature Chemical Biology上。文章描述了细菌中引起结核病的一个重要细胞功能的发现,这个细胞功能让细菌得以存活。研究人员也发现了一种阻止细胞这个功能的化合物。 很难杀死引起结核病的细菌,当今市

在三十年搜寻之后,一组抗肺结核化合物的随机筛选引导科学家到一个"尤里卡"发现,这个发现打破了保护细菌、允许细菌存活并持续对抗治疗的一个要塞。

美国科罗拉多州立大学的这两项发现发表在今天的Nature Chemical Biology上。文章描述了细菌中引起结核病的一个重要细胞功能的发现,这个细胞功能让细菌得以存活。研究人员也发现了一种阻止细胞这个功能的化合物。

很难杀死引起结核病的细菌,当今市场上的结核病药物不能很好地治疗此病。在大部分病人中治疗通常需要用6个月的多种抗生素,并且因为引起结核病的耐药菌株当前许多药物不再起作用。科学家希望,找到以不同与当前药物的方式来杀死细菌的新药物将有助于对付这些耐药菌株。

细胞囊膜在细菌细胞周围形成一个事实上不能穿过的气泡并保护它。分枝菌酸是这种细菌细胞囊膜的关键部分。它们是在细胞内制造,但必须在一个运载体帮助下穿过细胞膜到达其在细胞囊膜内的最终位置。

没有细胞囊膜中的分枝菌酸,细菌就会死。在实验室随机测试一些抗菌化合物时,发现一类强烈阻止细菌生长的化合物,这是一个重大发现。当近一步观察时,发现这些化合物阻断运载体从细胞内向细胞外移动分枝菌酸,这也意味着这个发现确定了一种杀菌的新方法。

科学家们几十年来一直在努力寻找分枝菌酸的运载体,了解如何阻断分枝菌酸到达细胞表面能导致形成新结核病治疗方法。

如果分枝菌酸不被转运,结核细菌就不能生长。它就象一所制造砖的工厂,没办法让它们到工地。开发新的急需结核病药物是一条长且艰难的路。我们感到乐观的是,这项研究将有力地帮助减少由结核病所引起的痛苦和死亡的全世界圣战。

希望这项研究也铺平一条道路,通过这条路来理解那些运载体在细胞内做的和如何对准它们来杀死分枝杆菌的发现。结核病每年引起全球150多万人死亡。

doi:10.1038/nchembio.794
PMC:
PMID:

Inhibition of mycolic acid transport across theMycobacterium tuberculosis plasma membrane

Anna E Grzegorzewicz, Ha Pham, Vijay A K B Gundi, Michael S Scherman, Elton J North, Tamara Hess, Victoria Jones, Veronica Gruppo, Sarah E M Born, Jana Korduláková, Sivagami Sundaram Chavadi, Christophe Morisseau, Anne J Lenaerts, Richard E Lee, Michael R McNeil & Mary Jackson

New chemotherapeutics active against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis are urgently needed. We report on the identification of anadamantyl urea compound that shows potent bactericidal activity against M. tuberculosis and a unique mode of action, namely the abolition of the translocation of mycolic acids from the cytoplasm, where they are synthesized to the periplasmic side of the plasma membrane and are in turn transferred onto cell wall arabinogalactan or used in the formation of virulence-associated, outer membrane, trehalose-containing glycolipids. Whole-genome sequencing of spontaneous-resistant mutants of M. tuberculosis selected in vitro followed by genetic validation experiments revealed that our prototype inhibitor targets the inner membrane transporter MmpL3. Conditional gene expression of mmpL3 in mycobacteria and analysis of inhibitor-treated cells validate MmpL3 as essential for mycobacterial growth and support the involvement of this transporter in the translocation of trehalose monomycolate across the plasma membrane.

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    2012-12-21 liye789132251
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    2012-09-02 sunylz
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