Nat Genet:区分侵袭性胸腺瘤的关键基因GTF2l被发现

2014-07-02 佚名 生物通

胸腺瘤(Thymoma)是一种比较罕见的癌症。日前科学家们发现,仅凭一个基因就可以区分胸腺瘤的侵袭性。快速生长的胸腺瘤需要高强度的治疗,而生长缓慢的胸腺瘤不需要进行这样的处理。胸腺瘤是一种起源于胸腺上皮细胞的癌症。胸腺是淋巴系统的关键器官,被称为“杀手”的T细胞就在那里成熟。虽然还不清楚GTF2l基因突变在人类肿瘤中的具体作用,但Lombardi综合癌症中心和美国国家癌症研究所的科学家们发现,几乎

胸腺瘤(Thymoma)是一种比较罕见的癌症。日前科学家们发现,仅凭一个基因就可以区分胸腺瘤的侵袭性。快速生长的胸腺瘤需要高强度的治疗,而生长缓慢的胸腺瘤不需要进行这样的处理。

胸腺瘤是一种起源于胸腺上皮细胞的癌症。胸腺是淋巴系统的关键器官,被称为“杀手”的T细胞就在那里成熟。虽然还不清楚GTF2l基因突变在人类肿瘤中的具体作用,但Lombardi综合癌症中心和美国国家癌症研究所的科学家们发现,几乎所有的惰性胸腺瘤(生长缓慢,不具侵袭性)都带有这一突变。这项研究发表六月二十九日的Nature Genetics杂志上。

“惰性的胸腺瘤很少变得有侵袭性,因此这个基因可以为医生们鉴定那些不需要高强度治疗的肿瘤,这对于患者来说无疑是一个重要的进步,”文章的资深作者,Lombardi综合癌症中心的副主任Giuseppe Giaccone博士说。

研究人员通过二代测序技术对28例胸腺瘤进行了分析。他们发现,基因GTF2I中的一个错义突变,在相对惰性的胸腺瘤中高频出现。随后他们又分析了274个胸腺瘤样本,发现这一突变极少出现在侵袭性胸腺瘤中,不过侵袭性胸腺瘤具有许多已知的癌症高频突变。

这项研究不仅有助于临床上的诊断和治疗,在科研领域也有着重要的意义。“能够通过一个突变基因定义一类肿瘤,这是很不寻常的事,”Giaccone说。“癌症通常都涉及到大量的基因。实际上,侵袭性胸腺瘤表达了许多著名的癌基因,这为相关癌症的治疗提供了新的线索。”

胸腺位于胸骨内的胸腔中,胸腺瘤和胸腺癌(thymic carcinoma)都比较少见。据美国国家癌症研究所统计,这两种癌症最多在所有癌症中占到1.5%。

绝大多数确诊的胸腺瘤患者会接受手术,不过考虑到这种癌症也有可能具有侵袭性,部分患者也会进行放疗或化疗。“对胸腺瘤患者使用放疗或化疗还存在着争议,因为我们知道有些患者并不需要如此高强度的治疗。但不过在此之前,还没有一个明确的方案,能将这些患者鉴别出来,”Giaccone说。

原始出处:


Petrini I1, Meltzer PS2, Kim IK3, Lucchi M4, Park KS3, Fontanini G5, Gao J1, Zucali PA6, Calabrese F7, Favaretto A8, Rea F9, Rodriguez-Canales J10, Walker RL2, Pineda M2, Zhu YJ2, Lau C2, Killian KJ2, Bilke S2, Voeller D1, Dakshanamurthy S3, Wang Y11, Giaccone G11.A specific missense mutation in GTF2I occurs at high frequency in thymic epithelial tumors.Nat Genet. 2014 Jun 29. doi: 10.1038/ng.3016.[Epub ahead of print]

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    2014-12-25 cy0324
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    2015-05-03 canlab
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    2015-04-13 liye789132251
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    2014-07-04 sunyl07
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