姜素椿为科学有效防控H7N9禽流感支招

2013-04-18 黄显斌、洪建国 医学论坛网

  面对H7N9禽流感的突然来袭,著名传染病防治专家、抗击“非典”英雄、解放军第302医院姜素椿教授今天在接受采访时表示,从地区、季节、候鸟迁徙等自然因素以及病原本身喜寒怕热的特点看,此次的H7N9禽流感疫情可能不会大规模流行,人们不必过度恐慌。况且,我国有应对“非典”的丰富经验,国家迅速出台了H7N9禽流感相关诊疗及防控方案,特别是有关专家和部门研制出了核酸检测试剂,启动了H7N9禽流感的疫苗研

  面对H7N9禽流感的突然来袭,著名传染病防治专家、抗击“非典”英雄、解放军第302医院姜素椿教授今天在接受采访时表示,从地区、季节、候鸟迁徙等自然因素以及病原本身喜寒怕热的特点看,此次的H7N9禽流感疫情可能不会大规模流行,人们不必过度恐慌。况且,我国有应对“非典”的丰富经验,国家迅速出台了H7N9禽流感相关诊疗及防控方案,特别是有关专家和部门研制出了核酸检测试剂,启动了H7N9禽流感的疫苗研发,只要全社会群策群力,顽强抗击,就一定能够打赢这场防疫战。

  为了科学有效地做好疫情防控工作,姜素椿教授提出六条建议:

  早期合理用药。现有资料显示感染H7N9禽流感后,病死率高达近30%,说明其致病力很强,目前认为早期使用(48小时内)奥司他韦、扎那米韦是有效的。一旦怀疑受到感染,应尽早使用,避免无计划盲目用药,不仅达不到疗效,而且还增加不良反应。

  注射康复者血清。有计划地收集H7N9康复患者的血清,分组对感染H7N9的老人、儿童、妊娠妇女,以及免疫功能低下的人进行早期输注,可能会取得较好的疗效。

  做流行病学调研。应严密调查感染者可能的感染源及传播途径,特别是是否会导致人际间传播,这对于疫情的判断和控制至关重要。目前虽初步考虑感染源来自候鸟携带的H7N9病毒与上海、浙江、江苏、安徽等地的家禽携带的病毒重组、变异后毒力增强引起的人感染,但许多流行病学特点仍需进一步研究明确。

  检测血清抗体。对H7N9患者应连续做病毒血清抗体检测和临床观察,以了解病毒消除规律,了解抗体消长曲线,抗体是否为保护性抗体,为疫苗的研制提供科学依据。

  收集病原标本。在征得家人同意或上级有关机构批准后,抓紧对新发传染病的死亡患者进行尸检,及早收集病原标本,搞清病原、病理及发病机理,这对该病的科学防治至关重要。

  尽量减少吸烟。从目前出现的病例来看,男性吸烟患者受到感染后更容易成为重症病人,而且H7N9的患者和死者多为吸烟者,原因是与吸烟对肺部所致的损害有关。因此,应养成不吸烟的良好习惯,有益于身体健康。

H7N9相关的拓展阅读: 

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