Eur Heart J:机械心脏瓣膜孕妇如何选择抗凝?

2017-06-12 吴刚 环球医学

2017年5月,发表在《Eur Heart J》的一项系统评价和Meta分析调查了接受维生素K拮抗剂、妊早期肝素接着换为VKA、妊娠期低分子量肝素和普通肝素这几种抗凝治疗的机械心脏瓣膜女性的产妇和胎儿结局。



2017年5月,发表在《Eur Heart J》的一项系统评价和Meta分析调查了接受维生素K拮抗剂、妊早期肝素接着换为VKA、妊娠期低分子量肝素和普通肝素这几种抗凝治疗的机械心脏瓣膜女性的产妇和胎儿结局

目的:为了指导临床实践,旨在回顾接受以下几种抗凝治疗的机械心脏瓣膜(MHV)女性的产妇和胎儿结局:维生素K拮抗剂(VKA)、妊早期肝素接着换为VKA(序贯治疗)、妊娠期低分子量肝素(LMWH)和普通肝素(UFH)。

方法和结果:研究人员对截止到2016年2月的Medline、Embase和CENTRAL数据库进行了检索。两名审查者独立筛查了1786个标题,审查了110篇全文,提取了46篇文献的数据,评估了发表偏倚。研究人员计算了产妇和胎儿结局的汇总发生率(95%可信区间)。纳入的研究具有中等或较高的偏倚风险。VKA治疗、序贯治疗和LMWH治疗组中,产妇死亡率分别为0.9%(0.4~1.4)、2.0%(0.8~3.1)和2.9%(0.2~5.7),血栓栓塞并发症的发生率分别为2.7%(1.4~4.0)、5.8%(3.8~7.7)和8.7%(3.9~13.4),活产率分别为64.5%(48.8~80.2)、79.9%(74.3~85.6)和92.0%(86.1~98.0),抗凝相关胎儿/新生儿不良事件(胚胎病或胎儿病)发生率分别为2.0%(0.3~3.7)、1.4%(0.3~2.5)和0%。当整个妊娠期都使用UFH时,11.2%(2.8~19.6)的患者会出现血栓栓塞并发症。胎儿流产和不良事件会发生在妊早期华法林剂量≤5mg/d的情况下,但是与华法林剂量>5mg/d相比,较低剂量会有更高的活产率(83.6%(75.8~91.4)vs 43.9%(32.8~55.0))和较低的胎儿异常率(2.3%(0.7~4.0)vs 12.4%(3.3~21.6))。

结论:VKA与最少的产妇并发症相关,但也与最少的活产相关。序贯治疗并未消除抗凝相关的胎儿/新生儿不良事件。LMWH与最多的活产相关。整个妊娠期的UFH安全性和妊早期华法林剂量≤5mg/d的安全性仍未证实。

原始出处:

D'Souza R, Ostro J, Shah PS, et al. Anticoagulation for pregnant women with mechanical heart valves: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2017 May 14;38(19):1509-1516. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx032.

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    2017-06-14 zhaojie88
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    2017-06-14 slcumt
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