Medrxiv:新冠肺炎特异性抗体可长期存在,老年人的含量明显高于年轻人

2020-04-09 椰子 iNature

根据世界卫生组织发布的数据,新冠肺炎疫情已扩散至200个国家和地区,全球确诊病例累计超过100万例,死亡5万余例。随着全球COVID-19大流行的进行,从恢复性血浆患者被认为是预防感染或治疗疾病的有前

根据世界卫生组织发布的数据,新冠肺炎疫情已扩散至200个国家和地区,全球确诊病例累计超过100万例,死亡5万余例。随着全球COVID-19大流行的进行,从恢复性血浆患者被认为是预防感染或治疗疾病的有前途的疗法。但是,尚未报道SAV-CoV-2特异性NAb在COVID-19患者中的水平和作用。

2020年4月6日,复旦大学黄竞荷,吴凡,闻玉梅,姜世勃及陆路等人在预印版平台medRxiv 在线发表未经同行评审的题为“Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 recovered patient cohort and their implications”的研究论文,该研究采用安全,灵敏的基于假病毒-慢病毒载体的中和分析方法,对175例轻度症状康复患者的血浆进行了筛选。

该研究发现SARS-CoV-2 NAb无法与SARS-CoV病毒发生交叉反应。从疾病发作后的第10-15天开始在患者中检测到SARS-CoV-2特异性NAb,此后一直保留老年和中年患者的血浆NAb滴度和刺突结合抗体明显高于年轻患者。值得注意的是,在这些患者中,有十名患者的NAb滴度低于可检测水平(ID50:<40)。与此相反,两名患者显示出非常高的NAb滴度,ID50分别为:15989和21567。入院时NAb滴度与血浆CRP水平呈正相关,与患者淋巴细胞计数呈负相关,表明体液反应与细胞免疫反应之间存在关联。

总个人言之, NAb滴度与年龄,淋巴细胞计数和血液CRP水平的相关性表明,应进一步探索冠状病毒感染中病毒与宿主免疫反应之间的相互作用,以开发抗SARS-CoV-2病毒的有效疫苗。此外,在使用恢复性血浆进行预防或治疗之前,滴定NAb很有帮助。

 

 

由于新病例的迅速增加,2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)很快引起了全球关注。新型冠状病毒感染被认为是从动物传播的,病原体被鉴定为SARS-CoV-2。到2020年1月,怀疑最初受感染的患者是通过人与人之间的传播感染了该病毒。自2020年1月以来,该病毒已迅速传播到中国大部分地区和其他国家。截至2020年4月4日,全球确诊病例累计超过100万例,死亡5万余例。这些数字每天都会更新,而且预计还会进一步增加。

大约81%的感染患者仅表现出轻度症状,14%出现严重症状,例如呼吸困难,呼吸频率高和血氧饱和度低。另有5%的患者(尤其是60岁以上或合并症的患者)病情会进一步恶化。约3.4%的患者死于呼吸衰竭或多器官衰竭。尽管估计的COVID-19死亡率低于SARS和MERS,但SARS-CoV-2的极高传播能力,COVID-19相关的死亡人数已超过SARS和MERS的死亡人数 。当前,尚无可用于预防或治疗COVID-19感染的疫苗或药物,并且大多数感染患者都接受了支持治疗。

中和抗体(NAbs)在清除病毒中起重要作用,并被认为是针对病毒性疾病进行保护或治疗的关键免疫产品。 NAb的水平已被用作评估针对天花,脊髓灰质炎和流感病毒的疫苗效力的金标准。被动抗体疗法(例如血浆融合)已成功用于治疗传染性病毒性疾病,包括SARS-CoV病毒, 流感病毒,埃博拉病毒。被动抗体治疗的功效与血浆中或回收供体抗体中NAbs的浓度有关。随着全球COVID-19大流行的进行,从恢复性血浆患者被认为是预防感染或治疗疾病的有前途的疗法。但是,尚未报道SAV-CoV-2特异性NAb在COVID-19患者中的水平和作用。

该研究采用安全,灵敏的基于假病毒-慢病毒载体的中和分析方法,对175例轻度症状康复患者的血浆进行了筛选。使用SARS-CoV-2的RBD,S1和S2蛋白通过ELISA测定血浆中的刺突结合抗体。同时监测SARS-CoV-2特异性NAb和刺突结合抗体的水平和变化。

该研究发现SARS-CoV-2 NAb无法与SARS-CoV病毒发生交叉反应。从疾病发作后的第10-15天开始在患者中检测到SARS-CoV-2特异性NAb,此后一直保留。这些患者中NAb的滴度与靶向S1,RBD和S2区域的刺突结合抗体相关。 NAb的滴度在不同患者中是可变的。老年和中年患者的血浆NAb滴度和刺突结合抗体明显高于年轻患者。

值得注意的是,在这些患者中,有十名患者的NAb滴度低于可检测水平(ID50:<40)。与此相反,两名患者显示出非常高的NAb滴度,ID50分别为:15989和21567。入院时NAb滴度与血浆CRP水平呈正相关,与患者淋巴细胞计数呈负相关,表明体液反应与细胞免疫反应之间存在关联。

总个人言之, NAb滴度与年龄,淋巴细胞计数和血液CRP水平的相关性表明,应进一步探索冠状病毒感染中病毒与宿主免疫反应之间的相互作用,以开发抗SARS-CoV-2病毒的有效疫苗。此外,在使用恢复性血浆进行预防或治疗之前,滴定NAb很有帮助。

参考消息:

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.30.20047365v1

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    2020-04-10 智慧医人
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    2020-04-09 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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新冠患者“复阳”谜局:有人不产生抗体,病毒或慢性携带

2月17日,是徐嘉(化名)出院的日子,也是她入院的日子。

美国FDA紧急批准新冠病毒血清学测试方法:血样查抗体

当地时间4月2日,美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准了首个新冠病毒抗体检测方式,据悉,该检测方式通过寻找人体血液中是否存在新冠病毒抗体,以此确定被检测者是否感染新冠病毒。

荷兰科学家:罕见发现**种阻止新冠病毒感染抗体

据《荷兰时报》3月14日报道,荷兰10位科研人员宣布,他们发现了新冠病毒变体的抗体。这一发现有望为研制治疗新冠肺炎的药物提供帮助。