Mol Psychiatry:阿尔茨海默氏症药物Dimebon或仍具有治疗潜力

2012-08-02 Beyond 生物谷

近日,西奈半岛学院医学院研究人员领导的国际小组已经发现,一种已先前在阿尔茨海默氏病的临床试验中取得相互矛盾的结果药物能有效地停止阿尔茨海默氏症疾病小鼠模型的疾病早期阶段的记忆恶化和大脑病理进展。研究结果于7月31日发表在在Molecular Psychiatry杂志上,该研究证实了这种化合物仍具有治疗潜力,并可能促使开展处于疾病早期阶段患者的相关临床试验。 Latrepirdine又称为Di

近日,西奈半岛学院医学院研究人员领导的国际小组已经发现,一种已先前在阿尔茨海默氏病的临床试验中取得相互矛盾的结果药物能有效地停止阿尔茨海默氏症疾病小鼠模型的疾病早期阶段的记忆恶化和大脑病理进展。研究结果于7月31日发表在在Molecular Psychiatry杂志上,该研究证实了这种化合物仍具有治疗潜力,并可能促使开展处于疾病早期阶段患者的相关临床试验。

Latrepirdine又称为Dimebon俄罗斯生产的抗组胺药物,于1983年批准使用,销售。但参加阿茨海默症的临床试验宣告失败。在20世纪90年代,莫斯科生理活性化合物研究所研究人员确定该化合物能有效治疗动物阿尔茨海默氏病。他们继续在人身上进行了几项研究,包括I期和II期临床试验,所有这些都表明该化合物能显著和持续改善认知行为,并且只带来最小的副作用。

美国阿尔茨海默氏症研究人员包括西奈山阿尔茨海默氏症研究中心主任Mary Sano在内的科学家对在俄罗斯进行的II期临床试验进行了监督。然而,当研究在美国继续第三阶段的试验时,这种药物并没有表现出任何能改善患者疾病症状的功效,所以导致了该化合物进一步的临床研究终止了。

一些研究人员推测,在俄罗斯开展的临床试验中所涉及的患者可能有不同的疾病阶段或存在阿尔茨海默氏症亚型,因此,比在美国开展的第三阶段试验中的患者,该化合物对俄罗斯开展的临床试验中所涉及大的患者治疗更有效。

在宣布失败的试验前,西奈山医学院神经内科教授、精神病学家Sam Gandy博士和西乃山认知健康中心主任带领下,研究人员一直研究Latrepirdine的背后作用机制。Gandy博士的研究小组随机给予阿尔茨海默氏病的早期阶段的小鼠Latrepirdine或安慰剂,发现该药物能停止行为能力的下降和神经病理学的进展。在评估Latrepirdine如何改进记忆时,神经研究生John Steele博士和Lenard Lachenmayer医学博士发现该化合物增强细胞自噬过程即“自食”过程中,以此来抑制大脑神经退行性疾病。

当我们了解到在2010年,美国患者Latrepirdine失败后,世界各地的科学家都感到失望和困惑,Gandy博士说。我们希望找出为什么药物在俄罗斯做这么好,但在全球的研究表明没有效果从我们的动物模型研究结果显示,这种药物不应被丢弃,如果其作用机理能优化的话,它仍然有潜力。

Sano博士指出,在俄罗斯的研究不仅表明Latrepirdene有显著和持续的效果,同时它在亨廷顿氏症患者的一项研究也表明药效温和。Sano佐野博士说由于认知好处是对病人和家属真正重要的,我们关键探索它可能会发生每一个关键机制。

Gandy表示:虽然这仅仅是一个开始,我们的研究表明,这以前被否定的药物仍然具有很强的治疗潜力。以细胞自噬为靶点的药物对一系列神经退行性疾病的患者大有希望,这些数据提出的一个问题就是能否进一步优化Latrepirdin,以便使得该化合物更有效以便开展随后的测试以及人体临床试验。

现在,随着今年6月开始在西奈山开展的新的脑淀粉样蛋白扫描技术,我们可以很容易地鉴定这些患者处于什么样的疾病阶段。展望未来,Gandy博士和他们的合作者规划采用其他蛋白积聚的小鼠疾病模型例如路易体痴呆症、帕金森氏病和慢性创伤性脑病等以测试Latrepirdine的功效。

编译自:Rejected Alzheimer's drug shows new potential

doi:10.1038/mp.2012.106
PMC:
PMID:

Latrepirdine improves cognition and arrests progression of neuropathology in an Alzheimer's mouse model

J W Steele, M L Lachenmayer, S Ju, A Stock, J Liken, S H Kim, L M Delgado, I E Alfaro, S Bernales, G Verdile, P Bharadwaj, V Gupta, R Barr, A Friss, G Dolios, R Wang, D Ringe, P Fraser, D Westaway, P H St George-Hyslop, P Szabo, N R Relkin, J D Buxbaum, C G Glabe, A A Protter, R N Martins, M E Ehrlich, G A Petsko, Z Yue and S Gandy

Latrepirdine (Dimebon) is a pro-neurogenic, antihistaminic compound that has yielded mixed results in clinical trials of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease, with a dramatically positive outcome in a Russian clinical trial that was unconfirmed in a replication trial in the United States. We sought to determine whether latrepirdine (LAT)-stimulated amyloid precursor protein (APP) catabolism is at least partially attributable to regulation of macroautophagy, a highly conserved protein catabolism pathway that is known to be impaired in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We utilized several mammalian cellular models to determine whether LAT regulates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Atg5-dependent autophagy. Male TgCRND8 mice were chronically administered LAT prior to behavior analysis in the cued and contextual fear conditioning paradigm, as well as immunohistological and biochemical analysis of AD-related neuropathology. Treatment of cultured mammalian cells with LAT led to enhanced mTOR- and Atg5-dependent autophagy. Latrepirdine treatment of TgCRND8 transgenic mice was associated with improved learning behavior and with a reduction in accumulation of Aβ42 and α-synuclein. We conclude that LAT possesses pro-autophagic properties in addition to the previously reported pro-neurogenic properties, both of which are potentially relevant to the treatment and/or prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. We suggest that elucidation of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying LAT effects on neurogenesis, autophagy and behavior might warranty the further study of LAT as a potentially viable lead compound that might yield more consistent clinical benefit following the optimization of its pro-neurogenic, pro-autophagic and/or pro-cognitive activities.

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