JACC:“雪上加霜”——肥胖增加心脏病孕妇70%心血管并发症风险!

2021-03-13 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

肥胖会增加患有心脏病的孕妇发生心血管并发症的风险。

随着社会的进步和经济的发展,人类饮食结构也发生了重大变化。营养过剩、不均衡饮食导致肥胖人群越来越多。有数据显示,在加拿大,从1985年到2011年肥胖人口比例由6.1%增加至18.3%。而在美国将近1/3的育龄女性肥胖。

流行病学调查发现,2010年我国成年女性的超重、肥胖率分别达29.4%、12.0%,并且呈逐年上升的趋势,平均每年增长速度为4.3%~9.0%在产科领域,孕妇的肥胖问题也越来越受到重视,尤其是育龄期女性肥胖,能够引起妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压、产后出血等一系列并发症。

怀孕期间的不良孕产妇心脏事件在患有心脏病的妇女中很常见,其中,孕产妇肥胖是与妊娠期间不良血管结果最相关的一个常见、可调节的风险因素。虽然孕产妇肥胖是妊娠人群心血管并发症的重要决定因素,但其对患有先天性心脏病的孕妇的结局的影响尚未得到研究。

为此,来自美国西奈山和多伦多总医院的妊娠和心脏病项目的Birgit Pfalle教授及其同事对患有心脏病和肥胖症的孕妇心脏不良事件(CE)的发生率进行了全面的分析,旨在探讨孕产妇肥胖对心脏病女性妊娠并发症的影响。相关结果发表在最新的《美国心脏病学会杂志》(JACC)上。

在一组患有心脏病的妇女中,对怀孕期间的不良CE进行了分析,主要评估了以下几项不良反应:心脏死亡/停搏、心律失常、心力衰竭、心肌梗死、中风、主动脉破裂和血栓栓塞以及先兆子痫和产后出血。

根据身体质量指数(BMI)对孕妇进行身体评估。为了确定CE的额外预测因素,计算了所有妊娠的基线风险评分(CARPREG II),用于预测心脏并发症,并纳入多变量逻辑回归模型。


共纳入790例妊娠孕妇,19%的孕妇存在肥胖(BMI≥30 kg/m2)情况,25%的孕妇存在超重(BMI 2529.9 kg/m2),53%的孕妇体重正常(BMI 18.524.9 kg/m2),余3%孕妇体重过轻(BMI<18.5 kg/m2)。

总的来说,与体重正常的女性相比,肥胖女性发生CE的风险更高(23% vs 14%)。肥胖(OR=1.7;95% CI 1.0~2.7)和较高的CARPREG II风险评分(OR=1.7;95% CI 1.5~1.9)可以更好预测CE与体重正常的妇女相比,肥胖妇女发生子痫前期的频率更高(8% vs 2%)。

综上,肥胖会增加患有心脏病的孕妇发生心血管并发症的风险。因此,研究人员建议,这种可改变的风险因素应在孕前咨询时及时解决。

 

参考文献:

Birgit Pfaller, et al. Impact of Obesity on Outcomes of Pregnancy in Women With Heart Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Mar, 77 (10) 1317–1326.

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    2021-09-30 hbwxf
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    2021-08-13 丁鹏鹏
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