容易流泪并非多愁善感,中老年女性须警惕泪道阻塞

2017-04-17 王桑桑/上海同济大学附属同济医院眼科主治医师 澎湃新闻

常有患者泪眼婆娑地找到眼科医生,诉说自己常年被过多的眼泪困扰。产生眼泪过多的原因有许多种,其中有一种是由于眼泪水排出的通道——泪道,发生了阻塞。家住上海的陈阿婆就因为这烦人的眼泪找到了上海市同济医院眼科的毕燕龙教授。4年来陈阿婆的右眼一直不停地流眼泪,起初尚可忍受,如今眼泪越发变多,甚至影响正常看东西,使得陈阿婆不得不求医问药。毕教授听闻陈阿婆的苦楚,对陈阿婆的眼睛进行仔细的检查后,确诊为“右眼泪

常有患者泪眼婆娑地找到眼科医生,诉说自己常年被过多的眼泪困扰。产生眼泪过多的原因有许多种,其中有一种是由于眼泪水排出的通道——泪道,发生了阻塞。

家住上海的陈阿婆就因为这烦人的眼泪找到了上海市同济医院眼科的毕燕龙教授。4年来陈阿婆的右眼一直不停地流眼泪,起初尚可忍受,如今眼泪越发变多,甚至影响正常看东西,使得陈阿婆不得不求医问药。

毕教授听闻陈阿婆的苦楚,对陈阿婆的眼睛进行仔细的检查后,确诊为“右眼泪道阻塞”。毕教授耐心解释,这泪道阻塞好比是家中水池的下水管道堵住了,医生要做的就是将下水道做疏通。

术前检查时发现陈阿婆泪道堵塞的部位位于下泪小管与泪总管交界处,普通的探针是难以探通的。经过反复讨论,眼科团队设计了一个新的个性化的治疗方案:在局部阻塞的部位显微解剖打开泪总管,直视下进行泪总管的再造,之后再放置泪道引流管作为泪道支架。如今陈阿婆已经术后1个月了,泪道冲洗始终是通畅的,多年的流泪问题消失了。

泪液的排出部称为泪道,由上、下泪小点,上、下泪小管,泪总管,泪囊区以及鼻泪管组成。正常情况下,泪液除了通过蒸发消失外,一部分通过泪道排出。如果泪液排出受阻,则会产生溢泪。而因为泪道引起溢泪的原因有以下几种:

1.泪道狭窄:是指鼻泪管狭窄常由先天性异常或感染所致。患者泪道冲洗通畅或者通而不畅,这种情况下溢泪症状可被大部分病人忍受。

2.泪道阻塞:一种常发生在泪点、泪小管、泪囊与鼻泪管交界处以及鼻泪管下口的疾病,是由于这些管道闭塞造成。这种情况下患者泪道冲洗不通畅,溢泪明显,常不能被忍受,有些甚至自觉泪液过多,视物受到影响。

3.泪囊炎:由于患者长时间患沙眼、慢性结膜炎或慢性鼻炎,累及鼻泪管黏膜,造成鼻泪管阻塞。若是急性发作,一般鼻根部泪囊区皮肤会出现红、肿、热、痛的现象,眼部流泪,泪小点处可以伴有脓性分泌物溢出。若是慢性病程,多表现为流泪,眼睛的分泌物较多,挤压患眼泪囊区可以看到自泪小点涌出大量脓性或者浆液性的分泌物,患眼泪道冲洗不通畅。

泪道阻塞较多发生于女性,发病时间较多为中年以后。阻塞的部位很大程度地影响了手术的难易。泪道阻塞最常发生于鼻泪管,尤其是上半段,且手术成功率最高的阻塞部位亦是鼻泪管以及泪囊区。

手术常采用泪道探通术以及泪道置管术,术时可采用重复探通并逐步增大探针以扩大阻塞部位的方法,对少数轻度的或纤维蛋白粘连阻塞有效,已有固定瘢痕则很难奏效。探通后可放置泪道引流管,对阻塞部位起到支撑、隔离、扩张、引流的作用,留置2-3个月使形成通道,后拔除引流管。

泪道置管术需要手术者丰富的置管经验,熟悉泪道走形,判断阻塞部位;也需要手术者非常耐心仔细,保护好泪管的各个部位,防止泪点劈裂、假道形成等。陈阿婆泪道阻塞的部位在以往是该手术的相对禁忌症,但随着手术的发展,术者经验的成熟,成功的概率也大幅上升。

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    2018-03-02 tomyang96
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    2017-04-20 龙胆草

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-04-18 cqykthl

    受益匪浅,不断学习

    0