Science:从结构上揭示多种抑制剂阻断人蛋白酶体机制

2016-08-08 佚名 生物谷

癌细胞不仅比人体内大多数健康细胞更快地增殖,而且它们还产生大量的“垃圾”,如错误折叠和受损的蛋白。这就使得癌细胞本能地更加依赖细胞内最为重要的垃圾处理厂---蛋白酶体---来将这些存在缺陷的蛋白,从而将它们从血液循环中清除掉。对多发性骨髓瘤等癌症的治疗就利用了这种依赖性。一些用于癌症患者的抑制剂选择性地阻断蛋白酶体,导致癌细胞内的垃圾堆积,从而杀死它们。 在一项新的研究中,来自德国马克斯-普朗


癌细胞不仅比人体内大多数健康细胞更快地增殖,而且它们还产生大量的“垃圾”,如错误折叠和受损的蛋白。这就使得癌细胞本能地更加依赖细胞内最为重要的垃圾处理厂---蛋白酶体---来将这些存在缺陷的蛋白,从而将它们从血液循环中清除掉。对多发性骨髓瘤等癌症的治疗就利用了这种依赖性。一些用于癌症患者的抑制剂选择性地阻断蛋白酶体,导致癌细胞内的垃圾堆积,从而杀死它们。

在一项新的研究中,来自德国马克斯-普朗克生物物理化学研究所、哥廷根大学和欧洲分子生物学实验室的研究人员前所未有地详细解析出人蛋白酶体的三维结构,破解了抑制剂阻断蛋白酶体的精确机制。这些研究结果为人们开发出更加高效的蛋白酶体抑制剂用于治疗癌症铺平道路。相关研究结果发表在2016年8月5日那期Science期刊上,论文标题为“The inhibition mechanism of human 20S proteasomes enables next-generation inhibitor design”。

要知道蛋白酶体等细胞复合体的工作机制,解析出它们的详细三维结构是至关重要的。解析出具有50000多个原子的人蛋白酶体的结构对结构生物学家而言是一种重大的挑战。在这项研究中,来自马克斯-普朗克生物物理化学研究所的Ashwin Chari团队与来自欧洲分子生物学实验室的Gleb Bourenkov团队合作,成功地解析出前所未有的分辨率为1.8埃的人蛋白酶体的三维结构,而且精确地绘制出每个原子在其中的位置。

接下来,研究人员解析出人蛋白酶体与8种不同的抑制剂(已在临试验床使用过或当前正在临床试验中使用)结合在一起时的结构。Chari说:“相比之前的蛋白酶体结构,显著提高的分辨率让我们确定了这些抑制剂阻断蛋白酶体的确切化学机制。这一认识使得优化蛋白酶体抑制剂的设计和疗效成为可能,这是因为只有为蛋白酶体定制的抑制剂才能完全关闭它。”

研究人员发现了有关人蛋白酶体活性位点的一个重要细节。这一活性位点使得蛋白酶体能够降解细胞的垃圾,而且它是抑制剂分子结合并关闭蛋白酶体活性的位点。与流行的看法相反的是,抑制剂和蛋白酶体活性位点之间发生的化学反应形成了一种7-环结构,该结构包含了一个额外的亚甲基。这对抑制剂的疗效和化学机制产生深远的影响。

论文共同作者、欧洲分子生物学实验室科学家Thomas Schneider说:“尽管在人蛋白酶体的50000多个原子中,亚甲基只包含一个碳原子和两个质子,但是它决定性地影响了让抑制剂最有效阻断蛋白酶体的一些化学特征。” 论文共同作者、马克斯-普朗克生物物理化学研究所科学家Holger Stark补充说:“在设计一些新的抑制剂和寻找新的候选药物时,必须将它们考虑进去。”

原始出处

Jil Schrader, Fabian Henneberg1,*, Ricardo A. Mata2, Kai Tittmann3, Thomas R. Schneider4, Holger Stark1, Gleb Bourenkov4,†, Ashwin Chari.The inhibition mechanism of human 20S proteasomes enables next-generation inhibitor design.Science.2016

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    2016-12-20 jklm09
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    2016-08-10 jichang

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