Lancet:吞咽困难的卒中患者,预防性抗生素治疗不能预防肺炎的发生

2015-09-10 MedSci MedSci原创

背景:卒中后肺炎与患者死亡率增加,功能预后不良相关。这篇研究评估了存在吞咽困难的急性卒中患者预防性应用抗生素治疗的效果。方法:研究人员进行了一项前瞻性,多中心,整群随机,开放性盲点评估对照试验,研究对象是英国国家卒中审计认可的48个卒中单元中存在吞咽困难的新发卒中患者,这些患者年龄大于18岁。排除抗生素禁忌,先前存在吞咽困难,已知感染以及存活超不过14天的患者。研究人员用计算机随机分配单元给予两种

背景:卒中后肺炎与患者死亡率增加,功能预后不良相关。这篇研究评估了存在吞咽困难的急性卒中患者预防性应用抗生素治疗的效果。 


方法:研究人员进行了一项前瞻性,多中心,整群随机,开放性盲点评估对照试验,研究对象是英国国家卒中审计认可的48个卒中单元中存在吞咽困难的新发卒中患者,这些患者年龄大于18岁。排除抗生素禁忌,先前存在吞咽困难,已知感染以及存活超不过14天的患者。研究人员用计算机随机分配单元给予两种不同治疗措施,即在卒中48h之内,一组单元患者抗生素预防性治疗7天加上标准化卒中治疗,另外一组仅仅进行标准化卒中治疗。研究人员随机对入院数及专科护理进行简化分层。患者和做评估和分析的研究人员对卒中单元分配不清楚。主要预后为14天内卒中后肺炎发生,意向性分析两种诊断的不同,一种根据诊断标准进行分层算法诊断,另一种根据临床医生诊断。应用意向性分析其安全性。这个试验对新参与者开放,试验在isrctn.com网站注册,注册号为ISRCTN37118456。

结果:2008年4月21号到2014年5月17号期间,随机分配48个卒中单元(1224名患者)为两个治疗组:24个单元给予抗生素治疗,24个单元仅给予标准化治疗(对照组)。随机化后分组后,14天之前排除了11个单元,7名患者,剩下37个单元,1217名患者进行意向性分析(抗生素治疗组615名,对照组602名)。预防性抗生素治疗不影响分层计算诊断的卒中后肺炎的发生(抗生素治疗组71(13%)/564 VS 对照组52(10%)/524)。边际校正OR值 1.21 (95% CI  0.71-2.08),内相关系数ICC 为0.06 (95% CI 0.02-0.17)。129(10%)名患者因为数据丢失不能诊断为分层计算诊断的卒中后肺炎。另外,研究人员观察到两组间医生诊断的卒中后肺炎没有差异 (抗生素治疗组101 [16%] /615 vs 对照组91 [15%] /602),校正OR 1.01 [95% CI 0.61-1.68], ICC 0.08 [95% CI 0.03-0.21])。最常见的不利事件是与卒中后肺炎无关的感染(主要是泌尿系感染),这在抗生素治疗组比较少见(抗生素治疗组22 [4%] /615 vs 对照组45 [7%] /602; OR 0.55 [0.32-0.92])。在抗生素治疗中两名患者感染梭状芽胞杆菌引起腹泻,对照组中4名患者;抗生素治疗组有11患者感染耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌,对照组14名患者感染。

解释:在卒中单元管理中,不推荐吞咽困难卒中患者为预防卒中后肺炎而给予预防性抗生素治疗。

原文出处:

Kalra L, Irshad S, Hodsoll J,et al. Prophylactic antibiotics after acute stroke for reducing pneumonia in patients with dysphagia (STROKE-INF): a prospective, cluster-randomised, open-label, masked endpoint, controlled clinical trial. Lancet. 2015 Sep 3.

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    2019-04-05 Belle姑娘

    Volume386,Issue10006,?7–13November2015,Pages1835-1844

    0

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    2016-06-30 howi
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