Nat Commun:厉害了!挑战“诺奖技术”,CRISPR可“生产”多能干细胞

2018-07-10 风铃 生物探索

被誉为“世纪发现”的基因编辑工具CRISPR革新了生物医学研究。从探索基因功能,到用于疾病治疗,再到化身诊断工具,“魔剪”似乎“无所不能”。近日,来自芬兰的一个科学家小组又发现,一种基于CRISPR的新技术能够将皮肤细胞转化为多能干细胞,开辟了“魔剪”的新应用领域!


图片来源:Nature Communications

7月6日,发表在Nature Communications杂志上题为“Human pluripotent reprogramming with CRISPR activators”的研究中,由赫尔辛基大学Timo Otonkoski博士带领的团队首次通过激活细胞自身的基因将皮肤细胞转化成了多能干细胞

在此之前,细胞重编程(reprogramming)只有在向皮肤细胞人工引入被称为“山中因子”(Yamanaka factors)的关键基因时才可能实现。山中,即为日本科学家山中伸弥( Shinya Yamanaka),2012年,他与英国科学家John B. Gurdon因发现成熟细胞可被重编程为多能性的细胞获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

具体来说,在这项研究中,Otonkoski博士等使用了一种被称为CRISPRa(CRISPR-Cas9-based gene activation)的基因编辑技术,该技术并不会像传统的CRISPR-Cas9一样切割DNA,而是会在不改变基因组的情况下激活基因表达。

由于具有高度多路复用能力( high multiplexing capacity)以及内源位点直接靶向性,CRISPRa已成为用于细胞重编程的一种极具吸引力的工具。


CRISPRa-reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cell colonies stained for pluripotency marker expression. [Otonkoski Lab/University of Helsinki]

该研究证实,利用CRISPRa靶向内源性OCT4、SOX2、KLF4、MYC以及LIN28A启动子能够将原始人类皮肤成纤维细胞重编程为诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells,iPSCs)。

此外,通过额外靶向一个保守的富含Alu基序(Alu-motif)的参与胚胎基因组激活的附近基因,较低的基础重编程效率能够被提高一个数量级。而这种效应在一定程度上是由NANOG和REX1更有效的激活所介导的。


图片来源:默克

这些数据表明,仅利用CRISPRa,人类体细胞就能够被重编程为iPSCs。更值得一提的是,利用CRISPRa获得的多能干细胞与典型的早期胚胎细胞非常相似。

“CRISPR/Cas9能够被用于激活基因,对细胞重编程来说,这是一种很有吸引力的可能性,因为多个基因可以同时被靶向。此外,理论上来说,基于激活内源性基因而不是过表达转移基因(transgenes)的重编程可能会导致更多正常的细胞。基于这项新成果,我们认为,未来设计出更好的、用于重编程的CRISPR激活系统是可能的。”Otonkoski博士总结道。

原始出处:

Jere Weltner, Diego Balboa, Shintaro Katayama, et.al. Human pluripotent reprogramming with CRISPR activators. Nature Communicationsvolume 9, Article number: 2643 (2018)

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    2018-09-25 liuli5079
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    2018-10-21 liye789132251
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    2018-07-12 yuandd
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    2018-07-12 wumeihua90
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