Lancet Oncol:早期乳腺癌术中放疗后局部复发率增加

2013-12-04 echo1166 www.thelancet.com

研究要点: 对早期乳腺癌患者而言,术中放疗是代替术后放疗的一种治疗方式,具有一定的优点,但是这种治疗方式对局部复发的控制能力如何,还没有随机对照研究对此进行评估;术中放疗对皮肤损害较少,有助于术后假体植入的成功进行;虽然术中放疗组的IBTR率位于研究者事先设定的范围之内,但是仍显著高于外部放疗组的IBTR率,但是上述两种治疗方式对早期乳腺癌(肿瘤较小)患者总体生存率并无显著影响。

研究要点:

对早期乳腺癌患者而言,术中放疗是代替术后放疗的一种治疗方式,具有一定的优点,但是这种治疗方式对局部复发的控制能力如何,还没有随机对照研究对此进行评估;术中放疗对皮肤损害较少,有助于术后假体植入的成功进行;虽然术中放疗组的IBTR率位于研究者事先设定的范围之内,但是仍显著高于外部放疗组的IBTR率,但是上述两种治疗方式对早期乳腺癌(肿瘤较小)患者总体生存率并无显著影响。

采用电子进行术中放疗是一种可以替代术后常规全乳放疗的一种方式,在术中以相同的治疗剂量进行一次放疗。然而,采用这种治疗方式对局部复发的控制能力如何,还需要进行进一步的随机对照研究来验证。因此,来自于意大利欧洲肿瘤机构的的Umberto Veronesi等设计了相关研究,并将其研究结果发表在Lancet Oncol 11月的在线期刊上。

本研究在位于意大利米兰的欧洲肿瘤研究机构内进行。研究所纳入的受试者为年龄位于48岁至75岁之间的早期乳腺癌女性患者、肿瘤的最大直径为2.5cm,并且这些患者适合接受保乳手术,符合上述入组标准的患者被按照1:1的比例随机分为2组,随机化分组采用随机置换法,并根据肿瘤的大小(<1.0cm vs 1.0–1.4cm vs ≥1.5cm)对患者进行分层。

一组患者接受全乳房外部放疗,另一组患者在手术中进行电子放射治疗。研究的协调者、专科医师和患者都知晓其具体所接受的治疗方案。术中化疗组的患者在手术中一次接受剂量为21Gy的针对肿瘤所在部位的放疗。外部放疗组的患者接受总剂量为50Gy的放疗,分25次进行,每次放疗剂量为2Gy,在完成后再接受总剂量为10Gy的放疗,分5次进行。

本研究为等效性研究,事先所确定的等效性范围为在术中放疗组的患者的局部复发率为7.4%。本研究的主要终点事件为同侧乳腺肿瘤的复发(IBTR)情况,次要终点为总体生存期。研究者采用意向治疗分析法对研究结果进行主要分析。本研究在ClinicalTrials.gov注册,注册号为NCT01849133。

在2000年11月20日至2007年12月27日期间,研究者共随机纳入了1305名患者,其中外部放射组654人,术中放疗组651人。在经过了5.8年的中位随访期之后,在术中放疗组中有35人发生了IBTR,而在外部放疗组中有4人发生了IBTR,两组差异具有显著统计学意义。在术中放疗组中5年IBTR发生率为4.4%,在外部放疗组中为0.4%,HR为9.3%,差异同样具有显著统计学意义。

在相同的时间段内,术中放疗组中有34名女性死亡,在外部放疗组有31人死亡,差异不具有显著统计学意义。5年总体生存率在术中放疗组和外部放疗组分别为96.8%和96.9%。在数据可进行分析的患者中(术中放疗组464人,外部放疗组412人),研究者注意到在术中放疗组的女性患者出现皮肤不良反应者显著减少,差异具有显著统计学意义。

本研究结果指出,虽然术中放疗组的IBTR率位于研究者事先设定的范围之内,但是仍显著高于外部放疗组的IBTR率,但是总体生存率在两组间并无显著差异。研究者指出需要进一步改善患者的纳入,这样能减少术中放疗组的IBTR率。

研究背景:

直到20世纪70年代,乳腺癌的手术治疗主要基于Halsted乳房全切术,能选择的改良术式很少。从20世纪70年代开始,研究指出在直径小于5cm的肿瘤中,保乳手术联合放疗所能带来的结果与Halsted乳房全切术的结果相似;然而,如果不配合放疗,那么上述女性发生局部复发的风险增高。因此,保乳手术与之后所进行的乳腺放疗成为了小乳腺癌患者的主流的治疗方式。

在过去的10年中,新的治疗方案不断涌现,研究提示全乳房放射的时间可以从6周缩短至3周,并且部分乳腺放射治疗已经缩小了放射野,将放射野定位在肿瘤所在的那个象限。

虽然治疗方式出现了诸多进展,但是绝大部分的女性仍然是在手术治疗进行持续30天的放射治疗。有很多女性她们所居住的区域距离放疗中心具有相当的距离,对她们而言,每天接受治疗存在相当的困难,尤其对于那些居住在小村庄、山区或岛屿的乳腺癌女性患者尤为明显。术中放疗——即在手术后进行全乳房放射治疗——能代替放疗的一个阶段,这帮助解决了一部分问题。

在这种背景下,欧洲肿瘤机构将电子术中放疗(在手术中给予剂量为21Gy的电子放疗)作为一种新的治疗方案。重要的是,在绝大多数的患者中,在保守手术后当出现局部复发时则提示需要进行全乳房切除术。现今,全乳房切除术通常是将皮肤和乳头保留,予以假体植入,因此皮肤的完整性对手术成功是非常重要的。既往放疗区域的皮肤会出现坏死,采用电子术中放疗能在很大程度上避免皮肤损害的发生。然而,预期的生活质量的提高必须和复发风险增高达到一个相对平衡的状态。

欧洲肿瘤机构早在1999年就已经采用术中电子放射治疗对患者进行治疗,并且他们已经报道了临床研究之外的那些患者的预后。在本研究中,研究者报道了一项随机等效性研究的结果,主要是在接受术中放疗和术后外部放射治疗的保乳手术患者中,上述两种不同治疗方案对局部复发情况和总体生存情况的影响。

原文出处:

Veronesi U, Orecchia R, Maisonneuve P, Viale G, Rotmensz N, Sangalli C, Luini A, Veronesi P, Galimberti V, Zurrida S, Leonardi MC, Lazzari R, Cattani F, Gentilini O, Intra M, Caldarella P, Ballardini B.Intraoperative radiotherapy versus external radiotherapy for early breast cancer (ELIOT): a randomised controlled equivalence trial.Lancet Oncol. 2013 Dec;14(13):1269-77. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70497-2.Epub 2013 Nov 11.

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    2014-08-22 minlingfeng
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    2013-12-06 chg122

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