乙肝抗病毒治疗:你需要了解的四个关键点

2018-05-30 段钟平 首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院教授 爱肝联盟

无论在门诊还是病房,经常听到患者或家属谈论如下问题:“慢性乙肝为什么要长期应用抗病毒药物,这些药物也不能根治病毒啊?”“我带了几十年的病毒,一直说我是健康携带者,也没见有啥问题。”“‘乙肝三部曲’真能阻止?”其实,上面这些问题都是涉及乙肝治疗理念和治疗目标的问题。

导读:无论在门诊还是病房,经常听到患者或家属谈论如下问题:“慢性乙肝为什么要长期应用抗病毒药物,这些药物也不能根治病毒啊?”“我带了几十年的病毒,一直说我是健康携带者,也没见有啥问题。”“‘乙肝三部曲’真能阻止?”其实,上面这些问题都是涉及乙肝治疗理念和治疗目标的问题。

1.治疗目标:延缓病情进展,提高生活质量

与既往以保肝降酶、改善症状为主的治疗理念和目标不同,目前认为,治疗慢性乙肝首先要抗病毒治疗,根本目的在于持久抑制乙肝病毒复制,延缓疾病进展,减少甚至避免肝硬化、肝癌、肝衰竭及其并发症的发生,让乙肝患者有较好的生活和生存质量,最终不因慢性乙肝而影响寿命。据此,提出三个更具体的目标。

基本目标:检测不到HBV DNA,HBeAg阳性患者获得血清学转换;

中期目标:肝脏纤维化,甚至肝硬化逆转;

最终目标:预防肝细胞癌的发生,延长患者生存期,减少肝脏失代偿,提高患者生活质量。

2.定期复查:监测疗效的必要手段,要坚持

慢性乙肝的治疗是一个长期过程,而抗病毒药物在每一名患者身上的效果并不一样,因此对疗效的监测是非常有必要的。医生可以根据患者疗效的好坏,对下一步治疗进行调整。

不管选用何种药物治疗,肝功能、HBV DNA定量、“乙肝两对半”、甲胎蛋白是必查的项目。在此基础上,根据所用的药物不同,再对其他指标进行监测。

3.擅自减药:更易诱发耐药,别任性

慢性乙肝需要长期治疗。当长期坚持用药起到作用时,如何停药又成为乙肝治疗的另一个难题。

有些患者在取得疗效后就想减量服药,这样的观点是不正确的。目前,核苷(酸)类药物的半衰期在12小时左右,用法都是一天一次。如果用一天药再停药一天,就会导致疗效降低。我们“松一松”,病毒“攻一攻”,病毒适应后,耐药机会就会增多。也就是说,减量用药不但起不到治疗作用,而且会诱发耐药,给治疗带来困难,给患者增加经济负担。因此,抗病毒治疗应保证足够用药疗程,在专业医生指导下停药并随访监测,这样不仅安全,再治疗的话也不容易出现耐药。

虽然目前应用最多的口服抗病毒药物还不能根治病毒,需要长期用药,但是科技发展日新月异,根治乙肝的特效药早晚会出现,先把现有药物用好,为未来治疗争取时间,能说不重要吗?

4.特殊情况:治疗前应筛查乙肝相关指标,避免肝损

化疗或免疫抑制剂治疗会使患者免疫力降低,使乙肝病毒大量复制而引起肝脏损害,甚至出现严重的纤维淤胆型肝炎。如果乙肝病毒感染者因其他疾病(如肿瘤或自身免疫性疾病等)需要接受化疗、免疫抑制剂治疗,一定要在治疗前筛查乙肝相关指标,根据具体情况决定是否需要加用抗病毒药物。

因乙肝多需长期治疗,药物价格及治疗费用是患者必须面对的问题,不少患者因此难以维持治疗。令人欣喜的是,政府正通过一系列措施降低相关费用。例如,通过国家药品谈判,一线抗病毒药物替诺福韦酯价格已降低一半以上;越来越多的省市把抗病毒药物纳入医保报销范围,个人承担比例显着降低;B超、CT、核磁共振等检查费用逐渐下降。

我们有理由相信,我国乙肝患者的疾病负担会越来越轻,治疗效果会越来越好,生活质量会越来越高。

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    2018-06-01 yahu
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    2018-05-30 明月清辉

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

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    2018-05-30 sunfeifeiyang

    0

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近年来,多种肝脏疾病包括乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、肝衰竭、肝癌、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、药物性肝炎及自身免疫性肝病等的诊断与治疗均取得了一定程度的进展。本文对2017年度肝病学科临床进展做一概述。

《2017年EASL临床实践指南:乙型肝炎病毒感染的管理》要点解读

本文对《2017 年EASL 临床实践指南:乙型肝炎病毒感染的管理》中HBV 感染自然史的命名、抗病毒治疗的适应证、药物的选择(包括初治用药、联合用药)、停药时机及特殊人群的抗病毒治疗等方面进行解读,以期将指南更好地应用于临床实践。

乙型肝炎血清学检测中不常见模式解读

乙型肝炎病毒的血清学检测是临床实验室的常规检测项目,应用最广泛的就是我们俗称的“二对半”。人体感染病毒后,血清中抗原、抗体的变化有一定的规律性,有一些模式是我们经常遇到的,例如我们通常所称的“大三阳”、“小三阳”等,而所谓的不常见模式是相对于常见模式而言,这些模式难以用乙型肝炎病毒感染后血清学指标规律性的改变来解释。

J Gastroenterol Hepatol:sCD163和sMR与CHB患者的组织学炎症活动度和纤维化有关;抗病毒治疗后,两者水平均降低

巨噬细胞活化标志物-sCD163和sMR均与CHB患者的组织学炎症活动度和纤维化有关。两种血清标志物在抗病毒治疗后,均降低,同时肝CD163表达也降低。

感染乙型肝炎病毒的育龄女性临床管理共识

乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitisBvirus,HBV)母婴传播是导致慢性HBV 感染的主要原因,对感染HBV的育龄女性妊娠前、妊娠期及产后进行规范管理,以实现HBV 母婴“零” 传播的目标。本共识内容包括:育龄女性和孕妇HBV 筛查及治疗;妊娠期乙肝活动的治疗;新生儿乙肝免疫球蛋白和乙肝疫苗联合免疫预防措施及评价;HBV 携带且高病毒载量孕妇妊娠期抗病毒治疗及产后相关管理,并形成推荐意见,使临床医