3D生物技术有助于弥补捐献器官短缺现象

2017-12-28 佚名 新浪科技

再生医学的未来是人造合成器官,它能够更简单、费用更低、更可靠地满足患者需求。

据国外媒体报道,在全球范围内,需要器官移植的病人数量远大于愿意捐献器官的人们,部分原因是一些需求性最大的移植器官仅能由人们死亡之后提供。举例来说,英国心脏基金会(BHF)的最新数据表明,过去10年,英国需要心脏移植的患者人数增长了162%。

目前,首次成功完成心脏移植手术已有50年时间,专家认为,我们可能接近一个不再必须进行器官移植的时代。英国牛津大学约翰·拉德克利夫医院斯蒂芬·维斯特比(Stephen Westaby)说:“我认为在十年之内,除了患有先天性心脏病的患者之外,我们不会再看到更多的心脏移植手术,对于患者而言,只要有一颗新的心脏就行。”

当然,维斯特比并不想让器官移植的所有患者“忘恩负义”,相反,他表示自己是一个“伟大的心脏移植支持者”。然而,最新的医学技术发展可能提供更多的选择,从而节省更多的时间、金钱和生命。

维斯特比在接受媒体记者采访时说:“我认为心脏泵和干细胞结合在一起,可能是一个很好的替代方案,可以帮助更多的人。”


目前,首次成功完成心脏移植手术已有50年时间,专家认为,我们可能接近一个不再必须进行器官移植的时代。

在这些先进的医学技术中,最重要的是继续使用干细胞具有一定潜能,但却存在争议性。并且干细胞应用在某种程度上是有限的,目前实验表明,在实验室里用干细胞培育器官是可行的,之后这些器官可以进行移植。

同时,研究人员使用另一种技术方案——3D打印,能够制造出人造器官。当3D打印应用于医学领域,这项技术被称为3D生物打印,并且3D打印技术在新兴技术领域已取得了相当可观的成绩。

到目前为止,科学家已成功3D生物打印一些器官组织,其中包括:甲状腺,已植入患者体内的胫骨替代物,以及能够让心脏真实跳动的细胞组织。所有这些3D打印器官都可以通过生物墨水进行改良处理,这是我们未来几年里可预期的改进之一,目前已形成相应的运行机构致力于推进3D生物打印技术。

其它技术是尽可能制造人造器官,其中包括:2016年研制的生物人工肾技术。在维斯特比的研究中,他参与了几个项目,将继续改善这一过程,其中一个项目是使用干细胞逆转心脏组织的瘢痕化,这将改善冠状动脉旁路手术患者的身体恢复。同时,他还致力于开发更好的硬件,用于手术治疗,其中包括:廉价的钛机械心脏泵。

随着3D生物技术的快速发展,这样的创新技术将有助于弥补捐献器官短缺现象。再生医学的未来是人造合成器官,它能够更简单、费用更低、更可靠地满足患者需求。

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