Cell Metabol:星形细胞和神经元细胞间或存在乳酸盐的交换

2015-11-27 佚名 生物谷

图片来源:medicalxpress.com 神经细胞可以利用葡萄糖和乳酸盐来满足其高能量的需求,近日,苏黎世大学的科学家发现了新的证据,他们首次在完整的小鼠大脑中找到证据证实了不同大脑细胞间存在乳酸盐的交换,而这一研究证实了一个20多年的科学家假设。 相比其它器官而言,人类大脑具有最高的能量需求,而神经细胞的能量供给以及乳酸盐的特殊角色让科学家们研究了很多年,一项20世纪90年代的假设认

图片来源:medicalxpress.com

神经细胞可以利用葡萄糖和乳酸盐来满足其高能量的需求,近日,苏黎世大学的科学家发现了新的证据,他们首次在完整的小鼠大脑中找到证据证实了不同大脑细胞间存在乳酸盐的交换,而这一研究证实了一个20多年的科学家假设。

相比其它器官而言,人类大脑具有最高的能量需求,而神经细胞的能量供给以及乳酸盐的特殊角色让科学家们研究了很多年,一项20世纪90年代的假设认为星形细胞和神经元细胞之间存在一种较好地协作关系,而这也是大脑能量代谢的基础。星形细胞可以产生乳酸盐,产生的乳酸盐可以流向神经元来满足高能量的需求,由于缺少一定的实验技术,研究者们并不清楚是否星形细胞和神经元细胞之间存在乳酸盐的交换,而这项研究中研究人员就发现,在星形细胞和神经元细胞间存在一种明显的乳酸盐梯度。

机体细胞中乳酸盐的进出具有浓度依赖性,而且可以通过一种特殊的乳酸盐转运蛋白(单羧酸转运蛋白,MCT)来介导,而特定转运蛋白的典型特性就是反式加速度,MCTs可以成像形成类似于大型购物中心的十字形旋转门,当更多人进进出出时就会加速门的运转速度;研究者正是利用了这一特性才加速了十字形旋转门的运转速度。通过增加细胞外丙酮酸盐的浓度,研究者们就刺激了乳酸盐的向外运输,更有意思的是,乳酸盐的水平仅在星形细胞中改变而并不会在神经元中改变。

目前科学家们就可用新型的荧光蛋白来结合乳酸盐,从而改变荧光分子释放的光量,利用这种方法研究者就可以测定单一细胞中的乳酸盐浓度,同时就可以在麻醉小鼠的大脑神经元或星形细胞中表达乳酸盐受体,并且测定荧光随着特殊双光子显微镜的改变情况。此前科学家们认为神经元可以对乳酸盐代谢,而本文研究中研究者证明了这一假设,这对于理解多种大脑疾病的发生以及开发新型疗法提供了思路,当然也帮助科学家们更清楚地理解了大脑能量代谢的精细过程。

原文出处:

Philipp Mächler1,et al.In Vivo Evidence for a Lactate Gradient from Astrocytes to Neurons.Cell Metabol.2015

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    2016-07-10 guojianrong
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    2016-10-11 维他命
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    2016-04-30 一闲
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    2015-11-29 闆锋旦