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Nature neurosci：神经细胞的民主决策决定是否感到恐惧

2014-12-05 伊文 参考消息网

害怕恐惧神经细胞
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西媒称，人体害怕的感觉来源于神经细胞的“民主”决策机制，单个神经细胞可以辨别是否存在威胁，如果大部分神经细胞发出警报，我们就会感到害怕，反之如果只有少数神经细胞发出警报，我们就会保持镇静。 据西班牙《阿贝赛报》12月1日报道，英国《自然·神经学》月刊最近刊登的一篇研究文章得出结论：从表面上看，大脑中处理恐惧情绪的区域，即杏仁体中存在小部分非常怯懦的神经细胞，周边出现的任何信号都会被它们作为恐惧信

西媒称，人体害怕的感觉来源于神经细胞的“民主”决策机制，单个神经细胞可以辨别是否存在威胁，如果大部分神经细胞发出警报，我们就会感到害怕，反之如果只有少数神经细胞发出警报，我们就会保持镇静。

据西班牙《阿贝赛报》12月1日报道，英国《自然·神经学》月刊最近刊登的一篇研究文章得出结论：从表面上看，大脑中处理恐惧情绪的区域，即杏仁体中存在小部分非常怯懦的神经细胞，周边出现的任何信号都会被它们作为恐惧信号传达，不过大部分神经细胞在接收到周边信号时只是稍有“改变”，仅在合理情况下传递恐惧信号。

印度班加罗尔国家生物学中心研究人员训练一群实验鼠害怕一种“危险”声音，因为在这个声音传来之后它们就会遭受电击。除了第一种声音，老鼠还会听到不会对它们造成任何后果的另一种“安全”声音。

在老鼠很快学会辨别这两种声音后，研究人员开始观察它们神经细胞的电子活动，它们是传递紧张情绪的基础。研究人员发现，在老鼠有了这个声音辨别意识之后，其神经细胞的电子活动改变了，大部分细胞在听到“危险”声音时的反应比听到“安全”声音时的反应更强烈，而杏仁体中的每个神经细胞都可以辨别“危险”声音，这决定了老鼠的行为。

不过研究人员还发现，有少部分神经细胞（姑且称之为“恐惧细胞”）不具备这种辨别危险和安全声音的能力，它在两种情况下都会有所反应。尽管如此，如果大部分神经细胞的判断结果为“安全”，那么老鼠最终表现平静。　　

研究人员认为，这个发现对于处理人们在现实生活中的焦虑情绪或许有重要作用。按照研究结果，那些对根本不存在真正威胁的事情担惊受怕的人，他们的神经细胞应该是丧失了辨别威胁的能力。

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    2015-05-30 liye789132251

    #Nat#

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    2014-12-07 lsndxfj

    #ROS#

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    2014-12-07 liye789132254

    #神经细胞#

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    2014-12-07 ms2999106592497887

    #决策#

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