Blood:APL细胞外染色质使凝血及纤溶恶化

2017-04-11 史家岚等 科学网

APL

急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)常伴发危及生命的血栓及出血。尽管在过去的几十年中, APL缓解率已达90%,成为高度可治愈型人类恶性肿瘤。但是,多个以总体人群为基础的大型高水平临床研究表明,APL患者的早期死亡率仍高达17-30%,且凝血紊乱并发症占早期死亡原因的40-65%,成为后ATRA时代提高APL治愈率的主要阻碍。

急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)常伴发危及生命的血栓及出血。尽管在过去的几十年中, APL缓解率已达90%,成为高度可治愈型人类恶性肿瘤。但是,多个以总体人群为基础的大型高水平临床研究表明,APL患者的早期死亡率仍高达17-30%,且凝血紊乱并发症占早期死亡原因的40-65%,成为后ATRA时代提高APL治愈率的主要阻碍。


图片说明:急性早幼粒细胞白血病细胞外染色质促凝血,部分结果刊登在同期杂志的封面上。(图片来源:史家岚)

近日,国际权威杂志《血液》(Blood)刊登了来自哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院史家岚教授研究团队曹慕华等研究人员的最新研究成果“Promyelocytic extracellular chromatin exacerbates coagulation and fibrinolysis in acute promyelocytic leukemia”,作为该期的亮点文章,部分结果刊登在同期血液杂志的封面上,Mathews编委点评了该文章:ETosis是一种新型的细胞死亡途径,既不同于凋亡也不同于坏死,最早于2004年在中性粒细胞杀菌活性的背景下被阐述。该过程可以归结为细胞内核膜和颗粒膜崩解导致抗菌肽(AMP)和多种酶(如杀菌性/通透性增加蛋白[BPI]、中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶及组织蛋白酶G)之间的相互作用;随后细胞膜崩解导致富含AMP,BPI和其它酶的细胞外染色质网的释放,形成了捕获和杀死细菌的诱捕网(中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网[NETs]),同时有效地限制了这些毒性肽和酶的作用。同时研究发现NETs参与凝血活化。类似于NETs集中抗菌肽和酶的能力,它们还可以浓缩凝血因子,同时发生NETosis的细胞崩解的和活化的膜物质为凝血及纤溶提供了反应平面;同时ETs包含的细胞外DNA(cf-DNA)可通过接触途径激活凝血瀑布。

最近,该团队马瑞爽等研究人员发现,在恶性早幼粒细胞中表现出类似的细胞死亡现象,称为ETosis, ATRA处理后促进了ETosis的发生。他们的数据表明暴露于ATRA后,自噬的发生及上调的细胞因子如肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素6等增加了ETosis的发生。在本期“血液”杂志上,该团队扩展了这些初步观察结果,并证明了用ATRA治疗后由于发生ETosis的早幼粒细胞释放的胞外染色质对APL凝血和纤维蛋白溶解的影响(见图)。作者证明了在恶性早幼粒细胞中存在ETosis,ATRA以时间依赖的方式增强和诱导细胞外染色质的释放。他们证明,这种效应在暴露于ATRA后的前3天是突出的,超过该时期,凋亡成为主要的细胞死亡方式。同时他们发现ATRA处理后,ETosis产生的cf-DNA具有强烈地促凝活性,可增加凝血酶的生成,DNase I可通过降解cf-DNA降低凝血酶的生成,此时抗组织因子抗体无法逆转。实验也证明早幼粒细胞胞外染色质诱导纤维蛋白沉积,纤溶酶生成和纤维蛋白溶解的能力。令人意想不到的是,它延迟了血块的溶解。最后,作者证实了早幼粒细胞胞外染色质对内皮细胞细胞毒性作用,这种细胞毒性作用将内皮细胞转化为促凝血表型,提供额外的凝血反应及纤维蛋白沉积的表面,也可能导致内皮完整性的丧失。

史家岚教授表示:曹慕华等人展示了在ATRA治疗开始时APL凝血和纤维蛋白溶解紊乱加剧一种新的机制。数据表明,针对这种新型机制可能潜在地解决由凝血病导致的早期死亡问题。早幼粒细胞细胞外染色质对内皮细胞的细胞毒性作用也可能解释在开始治疗后出现的分化综合征及血小板和凝血因子水平足够止血的情况下,出血明显易感的原因。

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    2017-04-12 风铃824
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    2017-04-12 医艺依意

    值得学习,谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-04-11 1e20390em99(暂无匿称)

    值得学习分享

    0

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    2017-04-11 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很好,值得分享

    0

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    2017-04-11 美丽明天在等我

    如果再把早期出血问题控制了,就更进一步了

    0

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    2017-04-11 milkshark

    水平非常不错

    0

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